CASE STUDY ON DEMOLITION OF

MARADU FLAT

Guided by, Presented by,

Mr.Lins Paul Kuriakose Sandra Maria Siby
Asst. Professor S7 Civil Engineering B Batch
Department of Civil Engineering

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Viswajyothi College of Engg. & Technology

 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

INTRODUCTION

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

BUILDINGS SET FOR DEMOLITION

Alfa Serene, Holy Faith H20, Golden Jain Coral Cove,
Nettoor Kundannoor Kayaloram, Nettoor
Kannadikadu
Constructed by Alfa Ventures Private Ltd Holy Faith Builders & K P Varkey & Builders Jain Housing &
Developers Constructions

Managing Director Paul Raj Sany Francis K V Jose Sandeep Malik

Explosion to be Ground floor, 1st,2nd, 5th, Lower,Upperground 2nd, Ground floor, 1st, 2nd and Ground floor, Upper ground
7th, 9th, 11th and 14th floors. 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th and 15th 7th floors. 1st,5th,8th,11th and 14th floors.
carried out on floors.

Demolition date January 11, January 11, January 12, January 12,
Time : 11.30am Time:11 am Time:2pm Time: 11am

Demolition company Vijay Steels and Edifice Engineering Edifice Engineering Edifice Engineering
Explosives(Chennai) (Mumbai) (Mumbai) (Mumbai)

Cost Rs 61,00,000 Rs 64,02,240 Rs 21,02,720 Rs 86,76,720

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

Golden Kayaloram, Kannadikadu

Alfa Serene, Nettoor

Jain Coral Cove, Nettoor

Source: https://.manoramaonline.com/
Holy Faith H20, Kundannoor
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REASON FOR DEMOLITION

VIOLATION OF COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ) NOTIFICATION -

1991
 Built along the coastal region that falls under the CRZ-III category
 Constructions not allowed within 200 metres from the coastline.
 Total area covered - shall not exceed 9 meters
 Construction - not more than 2 floors (ground floor plus one floor).
 Construction of hotels/beach resorts - permitted

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

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DEMOLITION USING IMPLOSION

 Min. Amount of explosives

 Min. Structural preparation expense
 Controlled collapse
 Collapses straight down into building footprint
 Removes critical support-fall under the force of gravity
 Explode major support columns on lower floors
 Common explosives used: Dynamites, water gels,
emulsions, PETN, RDX, etc.

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

PRINCIPLE OF IMPLOSION

firing of precisely placed demolition charges

gravity - cause center of the building to fall vertically
simultaneously pull the sides inward

Fig 1: Demolition Using Implosion

Source: https://amazonaws.com/

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

LITERATURE REVIEW

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat
AUTHOR PAPER YEAR DESCRIPTION
V T Padmanabhan Demolition of buildings violating January Criticising the government for the implementation of a
Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) 2020 judicial order with low level planning in modern times.
notifications in Kerala, India

Graeme Mckenzie, Bijan Design criteria for a Controlled January Demolition by implosion, several conditions to be addressed
Samali, Chunwei Zhang Demolition (Implosion) 2019 prior to a demolition and the need for implosion demolition
in Australia.

Kanchan Devkota Story Building implosion and collapse: May, Structural response and interaction during implosion and
Effects on Adjacent structures 2019 progressive collapse of multi storey structures.

Dr.Venkata Krishnaiah, Methods of Safety management during 2018 Selection of right method of demolition, safety of workers,
P. Dayakar, Building occupants and environment.
K. Venkatraman Demolition – An Overview

Ankit Wankhede, Tushar Demolition of Buildings April Demolition technology practiced to demolish the concrete
Warade, Akshay Patil by Implosion 2017 structures in a controlled way especially in Indian
conditions.

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

METHODOLOGY

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PRE-PLANNING OF DEMOLITION
ACTIVITY
• Surveying of site
1. Building Surveying
●inspection of building plan
●Site study
2. Structural Surveying
●Structural details
• Preparation of plan for
Demolition work
1. Building Location
2. Topography of the site-
Contours and slopes
3. Details of ground
removal and backfilling
• Removal of hazardous
materials
1. Asbestos containing
materials
2. Petroleum and
radioactive contamination
3. Powered mechanical
plants-structural
calculations fir temporary
supports and bracings

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STABILITY REPORT

 Report on stability of building

 Report on stability of adjacent buildings
 Powered mechanical plants-structural calculations for
temporary supports and bracings
 Calculations demonstrating-demolition will not cause damage
to any adjacent buildings
 Structural calculations for temporary and permanent supports

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

Fig 2 : Draft Stability Report

Source: https://img.yumpu.com/
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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

SAFETY MEASURES
• Training and Communication
• Equipment maintenance
• Electrical Safety
• Fire
• Occupational Health
• Emergency Exit Requirements in
Demolition Sites
• Vibration
• Environmental Precautions: Air
Pollution, Water, Noise, Hazardous
materials

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

PREPARATIONS FOR IMPLOSION

DEMOLITION
1. PRE WEAKENING
 Removal of :
(a) non-load bearing walls
(b) fixtures and fittings
(c) mechanical equipment
      (d)  plumbing and piping
(e) stairways and facades
Fig 3: Pre-weakening of the Structure
 Cutting and exposing of circular or rectangular steel Source: https://static.toiimg.com/
stirrups, spirals etc.
 Removal of concrete matrix of shear wall
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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

STEPS IN IMPLOSION DEMOLITION

2. DRILLING FOR EXPLOSIVES PLACEMENT

 Drilling of columns
 Stemming – sand or high density foam
3. PLACEMENT OF EXPLOSIVES CHARGE
 Water gel and emulsion explosives : VOD = 4000m/s, used as main explosives
 ANFO : VOD = 3600m/s, used as electrical detonators
 PETN : VOD = 3500m/s, used in detonating chord
 RDX : VOD = 8750m/s, used for steel cutting charges

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

Fig 4: Placement of Explosive Charges

Source: http://www.buildingdemolition.co.in/

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

PREPARATIONS FOR IMPLOSION

DEMOLITION
4. EXPLOSIVE BLAST DESIGN FORMULA FOR USE IN CONTROLLED IMPLOSION
SAVYTSKYI,NIKIFOROVA AND GROSMAN FORMULA
 M = R3ac
where: a <=1.5 m <=2.0 m <=3.5 m >3.5 m
M = Explosive charge (kg TNT)
c 6 5 4 4
R = Effective radius (m)
a = Tamping factor (4.5 for an untamped charge)
Table 1: Blast Design Formula Resistance factor Values
c = Resistance factor depending on R
Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

STEPS IN IMPLOSION DEMOLITION

5. PLACEMENT OF SEISMOMETERS

Magnitude Typical Maximum Modified Mercalli Intensity

1.0 – 3.0 I
3.0 – 3.9 II - III
4.0 – 4.9 IV - V
5.0 – 5.9 VI - VII
6.0 – 6.9 VII - IX
7.0 and higher VIII or higher

Table 2: Typical Maximum Modified Mercalli Intensity

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

STEPS IN IMPLOSION DEMOLITION

6. PLACE CONTAINMENT FRAGMENTATION

BARRIERS
 Wrapping and Barriers -steel mesh, polymer, geo-fabric
materials, shipping containers, bales of hay, earthen
mounds etc.
7.   COLLAPSE FOOTPRINT
 Connected using steel wire rope
 Determined by the trajectory of the fall of the building
 Front row columns tied to rear columns Fig 5: Wrapping up of columns in steel mesh and
polymer or geo-fabric
Source : http://www.buildingdemolition.co.in/

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Fig 6: Place Containment Fragmentation Barriers

Source: https://english.mathrubhumi.com/

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

STEPS IN IMPLOSION DEMOLITION

8.   COLLAPSE DETONATION TIMIMG SEQUENCE

FLOOR d(m) 2d/g √(2d/g) = v(m/s)
t(sec)
t = √(2d/g)
6th 18 3.669 1.915 18.79
Where
5th 15 3.058 1.748 17.15 t is the time of fall distance in seconds
4th 12 2.446 1.563 15.34 d is the fall distance in metres
3rd 9 1.834 1.354 13.28 g is the acceleration due to gravity
2nd 6 1.223 1.105 10.84 equal to 9.81 m/s2
1st 3 0.611 0.781 7.67
GROUND 0 0 0 0
Table 3:Kinematic Parameters for a Building Collapse
Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

DESIGN CRITERIA

 Min. charge weight (kg) of explosives

 Removal of structural elements –facilitate collapse
 Control of spread of cementitious dust cloud
 Min. ground vibrations
 Designation of design footprint
 Design for debris pile
 Designation of suitable safety distances
 Min. fragmentation

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Click icon to add picture

IMPLOSION
DEMOLITION
DESIGN PROCESS
FLOWCHART

Fig 7:Implosion Demolition Design Process Flowchart

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/
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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

DETAILS OF EXPLOSION
Alfa Serene, Nettoor Holy Faith H20, Golden Kayaloram, Jain Coral Cove,
Kundannoor Kannadikadu Nettoor

No of Floors 16 19 15 17

Explosives (kg) 300 400 200 700

Debris (tons) 21400 21450 7100 26400

No of Holes 3500 1540 960 2860

Angle of Into the space between 36° towards the Smaller part towards Towards the eastern
collapse the two towers side of bridge Thaikkudam bridge, side
Larger part towards
the opposite side

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 Case Study on Demolition of Maradu Flat

DETAILS OF EXPLOSIVES

Superpower 90 (Solar Mining Services Ltd.)

 Packaged emulsion explosive
 Robust, high strength, and detonator sensitive.
 A firm putty-like consistency. Products are sensitized through
chemical gassing / micro-spheres / combination of both.
 It is a water resistant packaged explosive.
 Designed for priming applications and as a column explosive
in surface and underground mining and general blasting.
 High detonation velocity of 3.5 km/sec. Fig 8: Superpower 90 Explosive
Source: http://www.buildingdemolition.co.in/
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VIBRATIONS DURING DEMOLITION

Classification of building damages caused due to Vibration:

1. Threshold damage – Hairline cracks,no impact on structural integrity
2. Minor damage – visible to naked eye,can be repaired
3. Major damage - Earthquake level vibration,structural damage
MMI Seismic Intensity Scale
 Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale
 Measures- intensity and effects of earthquakes
 Implosion demolition has two sources of vibration:
(a) The implosion
(b) The fall of debris
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DAMAGES TO BUILDINGS

Fig 9: Crack Appeared On Walls And Stairway Of Adjacent Houses

Source:https://www.thenewsminute.com/

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VIBRATIONS DURING
DEMOLITION

MARADU FLAT
DEMOLITION
“ MMI SCALE VI ”
Fig 10: The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
Source: https://prd-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/
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REMOVAL OF DEBRIS PILE

 Rubble and the steel rods removed from the sites.

 Concrete piles and the pile caps of the buildings, still remain underground waiting for nature
to destroy
 The task of removing concrete - Muvattupuzha based company Prompt Enterprises Pvt Ltd.

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Fig 11: Debris After The Demolition

Source: https://img.onmanorama.com/

DEBRIS ACCUMULATED

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CHALLENGES FACED DURING

DEMOLITION AND SOLUTIONS
• Dust factor
• Debris
• Development of cracks
• Tremors Created on earth
SOLUTIONS:
• Spraying water from fire force engines
• Geomats and tarpaulins
• Technical assurance
• Emulsion explosive materials

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ADVANTAGES OF IMPLOSION
DEMOLITION

 LESS EXPENSIVE: the explosive cost only Rs2400/box of 125 cartridges

 LESS TIME CONSUMING: it took only an average of 5.6 sec for the complete
fall down of the building
 SAFE: if necessary precautions are taken
 Blasters minimize flying debris
 Reducing the likelihood of damaging nearby structures
 actual noise and ground vibration created will be well below levels of concern
 surrounding communities will experience little or no impact during implosion

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DISADVANTAGES OF IMPLOSION
DEMOLITION

 Need of Experienced hands: A small carelessness will lead to huge damage

 Large pieces of debris might project towards spectators away
 Air pollution is higher than with other methods

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CONCLUSION

 Implosion - most impressive method of demolishing

 Success of the Kochi demolitions
 Structures with more than 10 floors, time constraint
 Neighbouring constructions were relatively new, engineered
buildings

Fig 12: Air Pollution During Implosion Demolition

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/

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REFERENCES

[1] VT PADMANABHAN (2020): ’Report On Demolition Of Buildings Violating Coastal Regulation Zone
(CRZ) Notifications In Kerala, India’, January 2020.
[2] Graeme Mckenzie, Bijan Samali, Chunwei Zhang (2019):’Design Criteria for a Controlled Demolition
(Implosion)’ International Journal of GEOMATE,Japan, Vol.16, Issue 53, pp.101-112 Geotec., Const. Mat. &
Env., DOI: https://doi.org/10.21660/2019.53.90374 ISSN: 2186-2982 (Print), 2186-2990 (Online), January
2019.
[3] Ankit Wankhede, Tushar Warade, Akshay Patil (2017): ‘Demolition Of Buildings By Implosion’ 7 th
International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering, Science and Management [Online], Available
www.conferenceworld.in, April 2017.
[4] Dr.Venkata Krishnaiah, P. Dayakar, K. Venkatraman (2018):’Methods Of Safety Management During
Building Demolition- An Overview’, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 119,
No. 12, 2018

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