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 William
Shakespeare
         William Shakespeare was an English playwright
and poet , considered the greatest writer of English
literature and nicknamed "The Poet of Avon " or "The
Swan of Avon".
   Almost 38 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 long narrative poems,
as well as many other poems translated into almost all
spoken languages have been preserved from his vast
work.
Shakespeare's Sonnets

     William Shakespeare's sonnets (1564-1616)

were published in 1609, and – as the biographers of the
great playwright claim - they were written rather to be
read by
close to the writer, than for the general public.
The volume contains 154 sonnets, of which 138 and 144
had been previously printed. Almost all of them
they consist of three stanzas of four verses each and
a couplet in iambic meter, with rhyme type
 -abab cdcd efef gg.-
 Analyzed separately, there are three characters in Shakespeare's sonnets, called
"Fair Youth", "Rival Poet" and "Dark Lady".
The style of the sonnets has been interpreted by many as a pastiche or a parody
of the pattern of Petrarca 's sonnets . It illustrates, in any case, a
reconceptualization of Petrarchism :
-vision of man (caught in the game of passion);
-the relationship with society and the condition of genius;
-nature, love and art - the universal ways of salvation from the onslaught of evil
and time.
Shakespeare expresses the idea of pure and steadfast love (sonnet 116); which
does not exclude lucidity, realism, the refusal of conventional style artifices and
voluntary illusion (sonnet 130).
 XVIII
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
 Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of
May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a
date: 
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
 And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
 By chance, or nature’s changing course
untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
 Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
 Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his
shade, When in eternal lines to time thou
grow’st,
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
 So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
 Sonnet 18 is one of the Shakespeare's best-known sonnets. It is
a possible comparison between a young man and the summer
season.
The character in this sonnet is the „Fair Youth”. The sonnet starts
with a question which is to compare the young man with a summer
day, but the young man has better qualities than a summer day.
The beauty and the love of the young man are stronger than a
summer day. Summer is affected by winds and seasonal changes,
but the young man's love will never go out. The sonnet contains
more features and details about the season than about the young
man.
At the end of the sonnet, the speaker states that the young
man will live forever, as long as his lyrics are read.
 I
From fairest creatures we desire increase,
That thereby beauty’s rose might never die,
But as the riper should by time decease,
His tender heir might bear his memory;
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,
Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies,
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.
Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament
And only herald to the gaudy spring,
Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
And, tender churl, mak’st waste in niggarding.
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
    To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee.
Sonnet 1 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William
Shakespeare. It is a procreation sonnet within the Fair Youth sequence. In lines one
through four of this sonnet, Shakespeare writes about increasing and references
memory. Here, Shakespeare chooses to rhyme "increase" and "decease", "die" and
"memory" and then proceeds to use "eyes" and "lies", "fuel" and "cruel" as rhymes
in the second quatrain (lines five through eight).
In lines five through twelve, Shakespeare shifts to famine and waste. In the third
quatrain, the key rhyming words given by the speaker are: "ornament" and
"content", and "spring" and "niggarding"; additional images are presented in this
quatrain, such as "fresh", "herald", "bud", "burial", and the oxymoron "tender
churl"The sonnet ends with a couplet: two consecutive rhyming lines. Each line
contains ten syllables, and the second line is composed only of one-syllable words. 
It is in this final quatrain and the concluding couplet we see one final change. The
couplet of the poem describes the seemingly selfish nature of the beloved
(Shakespeare chooses to rhyme "be" and "thee" here).
 CXXX
My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips’ red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damask’d, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound;
I grant I never saw a goddess go;
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the
ground:
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
As any she belied with false compare.
 In this sonnet, Shakespeare is expressing the kind of love that has nothing to do with
the beloved’s looks. He satirizes the usual way of expressing love for a woman – praising
her lips and her hair, the way she walks, and all the things that a young man may rave
about when he thinks about his beloved. What he does is invert those things, assert that his
beloved is ugly, ungainly, bad-smelling, etc, but ends by saying that his love for her is as
‘rare’ as that of any young man who writes flatteringly about the object of his love.
This sonnet is a kind of inverted love poem. It implies that the woman is very beautiful
indeed, but suggests that it is important for this poet to view the woman he loves
realistically. False or indeed “poetical” metaphors, conventional exaggerations about a
woman’s beauty, will not do in this case. The poet wants to view his mistress realistically,
and praise her beauty in real terms.
He surpasses the conventional complements by showing up their exaggerated nature, and
so implies the real loveliness of his mistress. In fact his mistress is quite as “rare”
(admirable, extraordinary) as any woman praised in more conventional terms – he implies
that really she is even more beautiful. It’s just that he is not going to play the usual silly
poetical game. He’s actually playing an even more exaggerated game: overturning the
conventional way of praising beauty in order to imply that his love transcends even that.
Bibliography
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonetele_lui_Shakespeare
https://doctorat.ubbcluj.ro/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Sonete-William-Shakespeare.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet_18
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet_1
http://www.shakespeares-sonnets.com/sonnet/130
https://nosweatshakespeare.com/sonnets/