OBES

IT Y
MARWA EZZEDINI
AYA BOUSSIF
SALEH SELMI
 Affect of obesity

Psycologi
Physical cal
effects effects
 Physical effects

■ Obesity increases the risk of several debilitating, and deadly

diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. It
does this through a variety of pathways, some as straightforward
as the mechanical stress of carrying extra pounds and some
involving complex changes in hormones and metabolism.
■ Obesity decreases the quality and length of life, and increases
individual, national, and global healthcare costs. The good news,
though, is that weight loss can curtail some obesity-related risks.
■ Obesity affect nearly every part of the body, including the: brain
blood vessels heart liver gallbladder bones joints
 Reasons of obesity:

■ Obesity is generally caused by eating too much and

moving too little. If you consume high amounts of
energy, particularly fat and sugars, but do not burn
off the energy through exercise and physical activity,
much of the surplus energy will be stored by the body
as fat
 Obesity usually results from a combination of causes and contributing
factors:

Family inheritance and influences

The genes you inherit from your parents may affect the amount of
body fat you store, and where that fat is distributed. Genetics may
also play a role in how efficiently your body converts food into
energy, how your body regulates your appetite and how your
body burns calories during exercise.
 Lifestyle choices
■ Unhealthy diet.
A diet that's high in calories, lacking in fruits and vegetables, full of fast food, and
laden with high-calorie beverages and oversized portions contributes to weight gain.
■ Liquid calories. 
People can drink many calories without feeling full, especially calories from
alcohol. Other high-calorie beverages, such as sugared soft drinks, can contribute to
significant weight gain.
■ Inactivity. 
If you have a sedentary lifestyle, you can easily take in more calories every day than
you burn through exercise and routine daily activities. Looking at computer, tablet
and phone screens is a sedentary activity. The number of hours spent in front of a
screen is highly associated with weight gain.
 Social and economic issues
Social and economic factors are linked to obesity. Avoiding
obesity is difficult if you don't have safe areas to walk or
exercise. Similarly, you may not have been taught healthy ways
of cooking, or you may not have access to healthier foods. In
addition, the people you spend time with may influence your
weight — you're more likely to develop obesity if you have
friends or relatives with obesity.
 Age
Obesity can occur at any age, even in young children. But as you age,
hormonal changes and a less active lifestyle increase your risk of obesity. In
addition, the amount of muscle in your body tends to decrease with age.
Generally, lower muscle mass leads to a decrease in metabolism. These
changes also reduce calorie needs and can make it harder to keep off
excess weight. If you don't consciously control what you eat and become
more physically active as you age, you'll likely gain weight.
 Other factors
■ Pregnancy. Weight gain is common during pregnancy. Some women find this weight
difficult to lose after the baby is born. This weight gain may contribute to the development
of obesity in women.
■ Quitting smoking. Quitting smoking is often associated with weight gain. And for some,
it can lead to enough weight gain to qualify as obesity. Often, this happens as people use
food to cope with smoking withdrawal. In the long run, however, quitting smoking is still a
greater benefit to your health than is continuing to smoke. Your doctor can help you prevent
weight gain after quitting smoking.
■ Lack of sleep. Not getting enough sleep or getting too much sleep can cause changes in
hormones that increase appetite. You may also crave foods high in calories and
carbohydrates, which can contribute to weight gain.
■ Stress. Many external factors that affect mood and well-being may contribute to obesity.
People often seek more high-calorie food when experiencing stressful situations.
■ Microbiome. Your gut bacteria are affected by what you eat and may contribute to weight
gain or difficulty losing weight.
 Solutions to avoid obesity
■ In order to beat obesity, you need to
be dedicated to making fundamental
changes to your diet and lifestyle.
Here is few steps can help to fight
obesity:
 Focus on the nutritional content of your
food:

Obesity can be caused by a poor nutritional diet.

By making healthier choices and eating a balanced
diet you can reduce your calorie intake and reduce
the threat of obesity. Make sure you’ve plenty of
fruit and vegetables in your shopping basket so
that if hunger strikes you can easily grab a piece
of fruit or a vegetable. You should be aiming to
achieve five pieces of different fruit and
vegetables every day.
 Avoid unhealthy and sugar laden drinks:

you should limit your consumption to a

combined total of 150ml a day. You should aim
to drink around six to eight glasses of fluid a
day. Water is best, it’s a healthy and cheap
choice for quenching your thirst. It has no
calories and no sugars. Other healthier options
include lower fat milk and sugar-free drinks
including tea and coffee
 Get active:

■ To reduce your weight or keep weight loss off

you’ll need to keep active. Try to make physical
activity part of your daily routine. If you haven’t
been physically active recently you’ll need to
start off carefully and realistically. You could
begin with short manageable sessions each day,
building up the length of time and gradually
increasing the strenuousness of the activity.
Learn about and understand your eating habits:

Obesity research has found that obese people can

suffer from many emotional issues about their weight
and body image. Often talking to a professional
about your eating habits can help to understand
them more and with this information you may be able
to make positive steps to overcome overeating or
comfort eating. You might choose to talk to a friend
or family member and gain the support you need
from them to feel better.
BMI= BODY MASS/(HEITH)²