Adding User Interface Components and Event Handling

16
Adding User Interface Components

and Event Handling
Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

the following:
• Add Swing components to an application
• Get and modify the contents of the components
• Provide event handlers for common types of
events
• Create a menu bar
16-2 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Swing Components
• Text controls
– JTextField
– JPasswordField
– JTextArea
– JEditorPane
– JTextPane
• Graphic controls
– JTree
– JTable
– JToggleButton

Swing Components in JDeveloper
Use the Swing Component Palette to add items.

Invoking the UI Editor
Right-click and select Open from the shortcut menu.
UI Editor
Applications
Navigator Shortcut menu

Adding a Component to a Form
1. Open the Component Palette
and select the Swing
category.
2. Drag the component to the form. The

class updates automatically.

Editing the Properties of a Component
Change property values in

the Property Inspector.

Code Generated by JDeveloper
Example: Adding JButton to JFrame

import javax.swing.JButton;
public class JFrame1 extends JFrame {
private JButton jButton1 = new JButton();
...
public void jbInit() throws Exception {
this.setLayout(null);
jButton1.setText("jButton1");
jButton1.setBounds(new Rectangle(25, 140,
73, 22));
this.add(jButton1, null);
}

Creating a Menu
• Select Create Menu Bar during application

creation.
• Add JMenuBar from the Component Palette.
• JDeveloper creates:
– JMenuBar for visual container for menus
– JMenu, which represents a menu of items added to
a menu bar
– JMenuItems, which are placed in a JMenu
• Each JMenuItem supports events, interfaces, and
handler methods in the same way as with other
Swing UI components.
• JMenuBar can be added to any top-level container,
such as frames, dialog boxes, and applets.
Using the JDeveloper Menu Editor
In the Structure pane of the JDeveloper Menu Editor:

1. Expand the Menu node.
2. Click the menu bar object for a visual
representation.
3. Right-click menu or menu items to display
shortcut menu options.
Shortcut menu
Click
when
menu bar
right-clicking a
object in
menu item
Structure pane
to display
menu bar.

Practice 16-1 Overview:
Adding User Interface Components
This practice covers the following topics:

• Creating the OrderEntryMDIFrame menu
• Adding menu items and a separator to the Order
menu
• Adding components to OrderEntryFrame to
create its visual structure

UI for the Order Entry Application

Java Event Handling Model
• How it works:
– Event originates from source and generates an
event object.
– An event listener hears a specific event.
– An event handler determines what to do.
• Setting it up:
1. Create an event source object.
2. Create an event listener object implementing an
interface with methods to handle the event object.
3. Write an event-specific method to handle the event.
4. Register the listener object with the event source
for the specified event.

Event Handling Code Basics
• Create the event source.

Jbutton findBtn = new Jbutton("Find");
• Create the event listener implementing the
required event interface.
class MyListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// handler logic
}
}
• Register the listener with the event source.

findBtn.addActionListener(new MyListener());

Event-Handling Process: Registration
Source
Event listener object
OK
Handler method
MyListener actionListenerObj = new MyListener();

public void jbInit() {
button1.addActionListener(actionListenerObj);
…
}

Event-Handling Process:
The Event Occurs
Source
OK
Notified Handler method
public void jbInit() {

button1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
// Your code to handle the ActionEvent
}
}); … }

Event-Handling Process:
Running the Event Handler
Source
OK Handler method:
Source
save changes and quit

Using Adapter Classes for Listeners
Adapter classes are “convenience” classes that

implement event listener interfaces:
• They provide empty method implementations.
• They are extended, and the desired method is
overridden.
interface MouseListener {
// Declares five methods
}
class MouseAdapter implements MouseListener {
// Empty implementations of all five methods
}
public class MyListener extends MouseAdapter {

// Override only the methods you need
}

Swing Model-View-Controller Architecture
• Model-View-Controller principles
Event Controller
modify View
View
modify Notify update

Model
Get changed data
• Terms explained:
– Model represents the data or information.
– View provides a visual representation of the data.
– Controller handles events modifying the view or
model.
• Always update Swing components on the event
thread queue, or use SwingUtilities methods.
Basic Text Component Methods
• Text item (JLabel, JTextField, and JButton)

methods:
void setText(String value)
String getText()
• Additional methods in JTextArea:
void append(String value)
void insert(String value, int pos)
•
Changes to component contents are usually made
in the event handling thread.
Note: Consult the Java API documentation for details
about each component’s capabilities.

Basic JList Component Methods
Subset of JList component methods include:

• void setListData(Vector)
– Copies Vector to a ListModel applied with
setModel
• void setModel(ListModel)
– Sets model representing the data and clears
selection
– Uses the DefaultListModel class for the model
• Object getSelectedValue()
– Returns the selected object,
or returns null if nothing is selected
• int getSelectedIndex()
– Returns the index of the selected item,
or returns –1 if nothing is selected

What Events Can a
Component Generate?
Events that a component can
generate
Event handler
methods

How to Define an Event Handler
in JDeveloper
1. Select the event that you

want to handle.
2. Click the right column to fill in

a method name.
3. Double-click the right column to

create the method.

Default Event Handling Code Style
Generated by JDeveloper
public void jbInit() throws Exception {

… Find
findButton.addActionListener(
new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
findButton_actionPerformed(e);
}
}); …
void findButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// Your code to handle the ActionEvent
}

Completing the Event Handler Method
public class JFrame1 extends JFrame {

…
void findButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
// When the user clicks the button, display
// the list of customers in jTextArea1
String findList = (“Supplies-R-Us " + "\n" +
“Consulting Inc. " + "\n" +
“Just-In-Time Training ");
jTextArea1.setText(findList);
}
}

Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

• Add a Swing component to a visual container
• Get and modify the contents of the components
• Use the AWT event handling model to:
– Create an event source
– Create an event listener and handler code
– Register an event listener to handle the event
• Create a menu bar with menus and menu items
• Handle events

Practice 16-2 Overview:
Adding Event Handling
This practice covers adding event handling for:

• The Order > New menu
• The Find Customer button
• The Add Product and Remove Product buttons


Adding User Interface Components and Event Handling

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16

Adding User Interface Components

Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

16-2 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

16-3 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Use the Swing Component Palette to add items.

16-5 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

16-7 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

2. Drag the component to the form. The

16-8 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Change property values in

16-9 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Example: Adding JButton to JFrame

16-10 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

• Select Create Menu Bar during application

In the Structure pane of the JDeveloper Menu Editor:

16-13 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

This practice covers the following topics:

16-14 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

16-15 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

16-21 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

• Create the event source.

• Register the listener with the event source.

16-22 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

MyListener actionListenerObj = new MyListener();

16-23 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

public void jbInit() {

16-25 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

16-26 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Adapter classes are “convenience” classes that

public class MyListener extends MouseAdapter {

16-27 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

modify Notify update

• Text item (JLabel, JTextField, and JButton)

16-31 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Subset of JList component methods include:

16-32 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

16-33 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

1. Select the event that you

2. Click the right column to fill in

3. Double-click the right column to

16-34 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

public void jbInit() throws Exception {

16-35 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

public class JFrame1 extends JFrame {

16-36 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

16-37 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

This practice covers adding event handling for:

16-38 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

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