X-RAY INTERPRETATION

SABA PARKAR FINAL BPTH

      

Name Age Sex View Centralization Exposure Diaphragm and its level

   

 

Rotation External devises Mediastenal contours Cardio-thoracic ratio (2:1) no comment on AP view Borders of heart Costophrenic and cardiophrenic angles

OPACITY VS MASSES

LOBES AND FISSURES

  

RT Lung 2 fissures Major and minor

  

LT Lung 1 fissure Major

SILHOUETTE SIGN
 

Described by Dr. Ben Felson Loss of lung/soft tissue interface caused by a mass or fluid in the normally air filled lung.

AIR BRONCHOGRAM


An air bronchogram is a tubular outline of an airway made visible by filling of the surrounding alveoli by fluid or inflammatory exudates. Six causes of air bronchograms are; lung consolidation, pulmonary edema, nonobstructive pulmonary atelectasis, severe interstitial disease, neoplasm, and normal expiration.

ATELECTASIS


Atelectasis is collapse or incomplete expansion of the lung or part of the lung. This is one of the most common findings on a chest x-ray. It is most often caused by an endobronchial lesion, such as mucus plug or tumor. It can also be caused by extrinsic compression centrally by a mass such as lymph nodes or peripheral compression by pleural effusion. The density is associated with volume loss. Some indirect signs of volume loss include vascular crowding or fissural, tracheal, or mediastinal shift, towards the collapse.

there is loss of the right heart border silhouette due to partial atelectasis of the RML.

PULMONARY EDEMA
 

Pulmonary Edema There are two basic types of pulmonary edema. One is cardogenic edema caused by increased hydrostatic pulmonary capillary pressure. The other is termed noncardogenic pulmonary edema, and is caused by either altered capillary membrane permeability or decreased plasma oncotic pressure.

diffuse pulmonary edema with loss of both hemidiaphragms and silouhetting of the heart.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common abnormalities evaluated by CXR. CHF occurs when the heart fails to maintain adequate forward flow

This is a typical chest x-ray of a patient in severe CHF. Note the cardiomegaly, alveolar edema, and haziness of vascular margins.

KERLEY B LINES


Kerley B lines are horizontal lines less than 2cm long, commonly found in the lower zone periphery. TheseThese lines are the thickened, edematous interlobular septa. Causes of Kerley B lines include; pulmonary edema, lymphangitis carcinomatosa and malignant lymphoma, viral and mycoplasmal pneumonia, interstital pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, sarcoidosis. They can be an evanescent sign on the CXR of a patient in and out of heart failure.