Urbanization and

Social change
 MEMBERS:
● CUEVA, ALJUN
● CUERDA, FRITZ LOIS
● CUERDA, MARK VAN
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
● To elaborate the Urbanization and Social change
● To determine the causes of urbanization
● To identify the positive effects of Urbanization, problems and
solutions
● To identify the sources of social change. Its social movement,
and;
● To know the barriers in social change
 What is Urbanization?
As the world’s population is increasing, a rising
number of people are moving from rural areas to
more urban settings. This global phenomenon is
called urbanization — essentially increasing the
population of rural areas (an area with 2500
residents or fewer), and turning them into urban
areas (a central city, and surrounding areas, with
a population exceeding 50,000 people).

CUEVA
 Causes of Urbanization
● Industrial Growth: The
explosion of industrialization
and manufacturing
enterprises within a certain
urban area gives rise to
more employment
opportunities — which is
another factor of
urbanization.
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● Social Factors: Many urban areas
allow for better living standards,
including superior educational
facilities, better access to
healthcare, modern housing, and
more recreational activities.

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● Employment: Rural areas
commonly are agricultural.
Urbanization and industrial
growth create opportunities for
jobs that pay more, are more
diverse, and may be less
physically demanding.

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● Economic Problems: Many people may
choose to migrate from a world area, as
it is generally not as economically stable
or wealthy as a booming urban city.

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● Political Turmoil: War, civil
unrest, and other sources of
political disorder often are woes of
developing areas. This turbulence
— and potential danger — can be
enough to make anyone want to
move.

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Modernization: New
technology upgrades the
infrastructure of urban areas.
Better communication, medical
facilities, and various social
amenities can attract those from
rural areas.

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Positive Effects of
Urbanization

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Employment
Modernization Access
Opportunities Modern technology provides for a
With industrialization comes the Accessibility to the Internet, better
creation of jobs. better city infrastructure healthcare, education, recreational
activities, social services, and more
all improve livability.

CUEVA
Problems of
Urbanization

CUERDA F
 Congestion

ds tal
PROBLEMS

Ha men
Po

z ar
on
ver

vir
ty

En CUERDA F
 SOLUTION TO URBANIZATION

EDUCATION CITY PLANNING

Educating the public ● Facilitating a more
efficient transportation
ecosystem
● C
CREATE reate an efficient answer t
o parking
OPPORTUNITIES and traffic
Foster job growth

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WHAT IS
`

SOCIAL
CHANGE?
CUERDA F
Leaving a thing or an attitude and
adopting another by a society is
called social change.

-Kingsley Davis

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[social change] simply refers to a
change in the human relationships

-Robert Morrison MacIver

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SOURCES OF
SOCIAL
CHANGE
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 DIFFUSION DISCOVERY
The transition of the elements of one culture to
Is the finding of something that has
another , or the spreading of the development to other
always existed but not unknown
areas

POPULATION AND INVENTION

GEOGRAPHY Is the production of the new thing by
Competition for the dwindling combining two or more things
natural resources together using imagination and
creativity

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 PHYSICAL
ECONOMIC FACTOR ENVIRONMENT
Karl Marx was the first one to stress the importance Climate change and changes in
of this factor. Definitely, wealth and poverty affect geographic location forced people to
our social behavior. make some adjustments to their
social life.

SOCIAL MOVEMENT TECHNOLOGY

Is the production of the new thing by
This is also an important factor that causes social combining two or more things
change because attempts either to change the together using imagination and
social order or to resist any change in it. creativity

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 TECHNOLOGY `
We described technology as information of how to use the tools
machines, and sources of power to make work easier and
productive. It is a very potent source of change for better conditions
of living. But it could also be a potent tool to manipulate the greater
part of Humanity. Without doubt modem scientific and technological
inventions brought about prosperity and material development.

● An American sociologist William Ogburn paid special

attention to technology arguing that it is a significant factor in
social change. He developed this Idea because he observe
that in agrarian societies people wanted to have a large
family in order to have many workers in the family farm.

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 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
● It is said that a new technology does not add or subtract something. It changes everything. It
can change the attitudes, beliefs, values, and behavior of the people.
● Baran (1993) calls this phenomenon the “cultural imperialism which means “the invasion of an
indigenous people’s culture by powerful foreign countries through mass media (qtd. in
Rothwel 489).
● On the other hand, Shenk (1997) identifies a few specific results of information overload. One
result is it hinders critical thinking because from too many information we have difficulty
separating the useless from the useful information. The other one is it promotes
indecisiveness because “The psychological reaction to such an overabundance of information
- is to simply avoid coming to conclusions,” said Shenk (1997) (atd. in Rothwell 481).
● As regards communication technology Katz and Asphen found out that years ago cellular
phone was a status symbol, a sign that the owner held an important position like a manager. a
prominent lawyer. a doctor, a big-time businessman, or a rich person. Although nowadays
cellular phone is no longer “a rich man's toy” according to fo Katz and Asphen (372),
ownership is still associated with income especially if the model of the cellular phone is to e
considered.
● Katz and Asphen's study revealed that “self-identification” remains an important factor in
ownership. Katz and Asphen call this factor “affordable luxury (372 It means that high-status
 SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS
● By definition, political social movements are groups wanting to change power that
is lousy and ineffective and to make social transformations by mobilizing citizens
for constant political action （ Amenta et al.288).Social movements cover a
relatively wide range of concerns from labor rights,students\' rights,women\'s rights
to environment concerns.But the question is whether or not social movements have
been effective factors for social or political change.
● For some scholars like Piven (2006), social movements are generally effective and
responsible for most important social and political change. But Skocpol (2003) and
Giugni(2007) argued that social movements seldom influence social change (qtd.
in Amenta et al.288).However, recent research conducted by Amenta et al. has
suggested that high mobilization is necessary for a movement to gain and sustain
political influence.

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 Forms of Social
Movements
1. Revolutionary movement considers the social order so
inadequate, corrupt, unjust, and beyond reform that it aimed to
shift suddenly from one system to another. This movement which
is supposedly representing the common masses often resorts to
violence to obtain change. It may be classified into: a)
Nationalistic revolutionary movements which seek to overthrow a
foreign government and replace it with a native one, and b)
Class revolutionary movements which seek to substitute one
ruling class for another in the same society.

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2. Reform movement is the most common and socially
acceptable type. It aimed to make changes within the existing
system, for example, Women's Liberation Movement.
However, another movement is emerging. It is known as
the "alternative globalization movement" whose proponents
favor an innovative approach, which they call "change by
pockets of resistance" Rioufol (551). The movement unites
radicalism and non-violence. It is based on concrete and
localized actions and operates by networks. This characteristic
encourages local actions and practices. Most common of these
actions are protests.

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 Other forms of social movement are:
1. Alternative movement seeks to change the behavior of
individuals. Example: NGOs, GOs, and civic organizations
campaigning against the use of prohibited drugs.
2. Expressive movement seeks to change the psychological and
emotional conditions of their members. Example: Charismatic
Renewal movement.

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 BARRIERS TO SOCIAL CHANGE

MUTUAL VESTED ECONOMIC CULTURAL

BELONGINGNESS
OBLIGATION FACTOR FACTOR
INTEREST

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 Thanks!

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