TRENDS, NETWORK, AND CRITICAL THINKING IN  It allows workers to migrate from their

ST
THE 21 CENTURY homelands in poorer countries to more
developed countries to find work.
Lesson III. Globalization  Technologies are introduced to make a
narrower product more efficiently.

GLOBALIZATION
The emergence of an international Negative

network, belonging to an economic and social  The growth of international trade has
system. worsened income inequalities between

Some factors that cause globalization are developed, developing, and

migration and labor. underdeveloped countries.

 Global commerce is increasingly

 MIGRATION –a movement to another dominated by transnational corporations

place, often of a large group of people. which seek to maximize profits without

 LABOR – is defined as work, especially regard for the development needs of

physical hard work. individual countries

 Competitions among developing
countries are races that dangerously
Remittances now play a large role in transfers
lower environmental standards.
from developed countries to developing
 Parents and children can spend a decade
countries.
apart, where they pass their
responsibilities to their grandparents.
Positive and Negative Effects of Globalization
 Many developing countries do not have
strict rules about environmental
Positive
protection, resulting in serious air, water,
 It creates opportunities for countries to
and soil pollution.
connect to other countries for larger
markets.
Types of GLOBALIZATION
 This can lead to more access to capital
1. Economic Globalization – refers to the
flows, technology, human capital,
widespread international movement of goods,
cheaper imports, and larger export
capital, services, technology, and information. It is
markets.
the increasing economic integration and
 It allows businesses to become part of
interdependence of national, regional, and local
international production networks and
economies across the world through an
supply chains of different countries.
intensification of the cross-border movement of 2. Regulation
goods, services, technologies, and capital. 3. Facilitation
Example: 4. International sustainability management

 Transnational store 4. Financial Globalization – the increasing global

 World Trade Organization linkages created through cross-border financial

 Foreign Direct Investment flows.

2. Social Globalization – refers to the impact of Examples:

globalization on the life and work of people, their  World Bank

families, and their societies. Concerns and  International Monetary Fund (IMF)
issuesare often raised about the impact of  World Trade Organization (WTO)
globalization on employment, working conditions, 5. Technological Globalization – the increasing
income, and social protection. speed of technology around the globe,
particularly from developed to developing
Examples: countries.

 UN General Assembly
 Partnership of International Development 6. Ecological Globalization – occurs when
Program ecosystems are constantly exchanging materials
 Social Integration, Gender, Equity, and through the movement of air in the atmosphere,
Access to Social Services the flow of water in rivers, and the migration of
 HIV / AIDS Awareness animals across the landscape.

3. Political Globalization – the intensification and 7. Geographical Globalization – is defined as the

expansion of global political interrelations. set of processes (economic, social, cultural,

- the growing power of institutions of technological, and institutional) that contributes

global governance to the relationship between societies and

- the spread and influence of individuals around the world.

international non-governmental organizations, Examples:

social movement organizations, transnational  Sharing of visas between certain

advocacy networks, operating across borders, countries which enable people to work,
and constitutional global civil society. live study, and travel easily in countries
other than their own.

The government has four distinct roles in

addressing sustainability concerns:
1. Policy development
Lesson IV. NATION
PEOPLE refer to a group of people with
commonality.
 Religion
 Culture
 Language
NATION refers to a larger group of people
organized in a specific place, which embodied an
independent government of its country where
they can decide on their own.
GLOBALIZATION leads to the interconnectedness
of people and nations.
COOPERATION – the fact of doing something
together or of working together towards a shared
aim.
COLLABORATION – the act of working with
another person or group of people to create or
practice or produce something.
1. Primary Identity – is defined as the concept of
personal identity. These are the norms that an
individual earns through society.
a. Values – a person’s principles
b. Attitudes – a feeling towards something
or someone, or a way of behaving
c. Beliefs – something that is accepted,
considered to be true, or held as an
opinion.
2. Secondary Identity (social identity) – As a child
get socialized with the society, he participates in
the construction of his secondary identity. This
includes the roles and statuses that the individual
has to perform as part of society.
a. Occupation – income and educational
attainment which combined determine a
person’s social class.
b. Educational Background – includes your
high school and college.
c. Economic Status – can be considered by
your occupation and income
d. Gender – refers to the socially
constructed roles, behaviors, activities,
and attributes that a given society
considers appropriate for men and
women.
Lesson V. STATUS AND ROLE
Status – an individual’s position in society which
carries with it a set of defined rights and
obligations.
Role – the set of expectations which occupy a
particular status.
6 Principles
1. FIGURE – refers to the people in a nation which
may vary in terms of color, size, etc.
2. SIMILARITY – states the thing which share
characteristics such as shape, size, color, texture,
and good composition (geographical setting and
characteristics of different nation)
3. PROXIMITY – “objects or shapes that are close
to one another appear to form groups.” Even if
the shapes, sizes, and objects are radically
different, they will appear as a group if they are
close together. (Refers to close neighboring
countries which possess cultural background)
4. CLOSURE – involves the provision of missing
details to be a part of a potential pattern or once
closure is achieved, the elimination of details
unnecessary to establish a pattern match.
Examples are governance, laws, and others.
5. CONTINUITY – states that the things tend to
continue shapes beyond ending points
(interconnections to cross countries essence of
globalization or evolution of generation)
6. SYMMETRY or ORDER – means stability and
peace and order, like sets of instructions or
reference. It does not give the impression of
things that “something is out of balance, missing,
or wrong.”
LESSON VI. CONSEQUENCES OF PERSONAL AND
LOCAL ACTION
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CLIMATE CHANGE
PLANETARY NETWORK – refers to the
interconnections and interrelations among the
various elements in the natural inveloping and
affecting Earth as well as elements beyond Earth’s
surface.
GLOBAL WARMING - the long-term heating of
Earth's surface observed since the pre-industrial
period due to human activities, primarily fossil
fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping
greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE refers to the prevailing set of
atmospheric condition such as temperature and
humidity of a place within a span of time.
WEATHER – the atmospheric condition involving
hot or cold, cloudy or clear sky, and stormy or
calm in a short period of time.
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT
 Reduction of agricultural yield and gain in
productivity which can lead to food
shortage.
 Rise of sea level which will endanger the
population living in the coastal areas, will
submerge rice farms in the river deltas,
and will push high tides and storm surges
further inland.
 Decrease in freshwater supply caused by
reduced stream flow and water salinity
will make an upstream movement.
 Increase in human health risks posted by
heat stress as well as wider and faster
spread of tropical illnesses.
 Consistent warming patterns mean an
increase in energy consumption for air-
conditioning, and hydropower storage,
and diminished revenues from fisheries
and tourism.
 Enormous cost of prevention,
rehabilitation, and adaptation to climate
 change can take a heavy total on the
global economy.

PRODUCTION PATTERNS refer to how people

generate and manufacture the product they need
to use, sell, or consume.

CONSUMPTION Patterns involve the use of

economic or consumer good and services.

CARBON FOOTPRIN is a measure of total amount

of carbon dioxide and methane emissions of a
defined population, system or activity with the
spatial and temporary boundary of the
population, system or activity of interest.

CARBON OFFSETTING is the reduction of carbon

footprint by using other options such as wind or
solar energy.