LESSON 1 DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

Foreign Brand
LG, BMW, ML, APPLE, NETFLIX
Philippines
DATU PUTI, JOLLIBEE, SAN MIGUEL, LUCKY ME,
BAYONG KULTURA Held et al. (1999)
 In
Why do you think certain products are made in refers to the widening,
the Philippines while others are produced deepening and
abroad? speeding up of global
interconnectedness.

Robertson (1992)
 Globalization
the compression of the
world and the
intensification of the
consciousness of the
world as a whole.
Globalization has connotations pertaining to Robertson, as a result of the
progress or development, and sometimes globalization constructed a glocalization
integration. based on the link between the global and
the local.
Relevance of studying the world
 First, we need to study the world because Giddens (1990)
we’ll be interacting with it.  Globalization is the
 Second, studying the outside world is a intensification of worldwide
cure to parochialism. social relations which link
 Lastly, it can teach you more about distant localities in such a
yourself. way that local happenings
What is globalization? are shaped by events
The discussion begins with two premises. occurring miles away and
 First, globalization is a complex vice versa.
phenomenon.
 Second, it is an uneven process that  Despite
affects people differently. Manfred Steger has
Globalization: a working definition offered the best scholarly
 Most accounts view globalization as description of what
primarily an economic process. globalization is. Pay
 Academics, however, differ from attention to what he have
journalists and political activists because to say.
they see globalization in much broader
terms. Manfred Steger( 2009)
 They view the process through various “A variety of accelerating economic,
lenses that consider multiple theories and political,cultural,ideological and environmental
perspectives. processes that are rapidly altering our
 Since there is no single specific definition experience of the world.
of globalization, other scholars also came
up with their definitions:  “The expansion and intensification of
social relations and consciousness across
Marginson & Considine (2000) world-time and across world-space.”
 Globalization refers to the growing  Expansion – refers to the creation of
impact of world systems of finance and new social networks that cut across
economic life, transport, traditional political, economic, cultural
communications and media, language & geographical boundaries.
and symbols.
 It is as much about life cross-global
movement of people and ideas as
about markets and money, and more
about networks than about patterns of
commodity trade or off-shore production.

 For example, Facebook established new
global connections between people while
international groups or non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) are networks that
connect a more specific group — social
workers and activists from different
corners of the globe.
 I nten
si ficati
o n –
refers to the expansion, stretching and
acceleration of these networks. Global
connections multiply and becoming
closely-knit and expanding reaches.
 For example, With the coming of
electronic trading, the volume of trade
increases exponentially since traders can
now trade more at higher speeds.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Positive Effects
1. MULTICULTURALISM OR MULTILINGUALISM
2. FREE TRADE
3. CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGES
4. MIGRATION
5. GLOBAL COOPERATION
Pros of Entrepreneurship Going Global
 Global Reputation
 Cheaper Labor,operating and supply costs
 Hiring Local Employees
 Fresh Ideas
 Global Partnership
 Technological Innovation
 Transportation system
 Social and Political Reforms
Negative Effects
1. LINGUISTIC HEGEMONY OF ENLISH
2. CULTURAL HOMOGENIZATION
3. THIRD WORLD DEPENDENCE ON THE FIRST
WORLD
4. GLOBAL INCOME AND WEALTH INEQUALITY
5. RACISM AND ANTI-MIGRANT SENTIMENT
Many critics of globalization assert
that,overall, globalization is more favorable
to developed countries because:
1. Developed countries investment in
developing countries earn profits which the
former typically repatriate, rather than
reinvest in the latter.
2. Developed countries control multi-lateral
financial institutions such as the IMF, World
Bank, and even the biggest private banks that
are capable of bankrolling, frustrating any
efforts toward industrialization contemplated
by progressive developing countries’
governments.
3. Technology transfers on a massive scale
seldom happens, hence developed countries
tend to retain a monopoly on innovations vital
to the growth of manufacturing sector.
4. The bulk price of the developing countries
main exports is lower than the bulk price of
the exports in developed countries.
5. The migration of workers and professionals
from developing countries to the developed
countries deplete the former’s human
resources which they need to free themselves
from poverty and dependency.
6. The education system of developing
countries is aligned with the needs of
developed/capital-rich countries which are
also typical destinations of migrant worker
from the developing nations.