GLOBALISATION

STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION

What is GLOBALIZATION?

What are it’s IMPORTANCE in PLANNING?

What are it’s POSITIVE impacts?

What are it’s NEGATIVE impacts?

What are it’s IMPACT on the CITY?

CASE STUDIES
 MOSCOW TAIPEI

DEATH OF
HOMOGENITY
DISTANCE

LONDON MUMBAI

BORDERLESS ONE
WORLD WORLD

SINGAPORE DUBAI

GLOBAL SHRINKING
SOCIETY WORLD
What is Globalization?
Is a process which embodies a transformation
in the spatial organisation of social relations
and transactions – assessed in terms of their

1. extensity – spatial/geographical reach

2. Intensity – number & quantity of flow
3. Velocity – speed of movement of flow
4. impact – overall impact on the city

generating transcontinental or interregional

flows, and networks of activity, interaction,
and the exercise of power

Globalization refers to all those processes by

which the people of the world are incorporated
into a single world society, global society

The process of continuing integration of the

countries in the world
Broad sets of Division

DETERRITORIALIZATION : Process of the “recon- figuration of geography, so that social

space is no longer wholly mapped in terms of territorial borders.”

INTERNATIONALIZATION : The “global” in globalization is viewed “as simply another

adjective to describe cross-border relations between countries.”

MODERNIZATION : The social structures of modernity (capitalism,

industrialism, etc.) are spread the world over destroying cultures and local self-
determination in the process

UNIVERSALIZATION : Process of spreading ideas and experiences to people at all

corners of the earth so that aspirations and experiences around the world become
harmonized

LIBERALIZATION : Removing government- imposed restrictions on movements between

countries
 IT IS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH PEOPLE, GOODS AND SERVICES,
TRADES, IDEAS AND INFORMATION FLOW ACROSS THE BORDERS OF
COUNTRIES WITH ADVANCEMENT IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

Magok District is located to the

southwest of Seoul and it is a
futuristic high-tech city

Fast global Knowledge- Reductions in

Hibernia's Global Financial Network (GFN) transactions intensive transportatio
provides a network for financial exchanges, and greater and high- n costs and
global banks North America, Europe and
Asia personal tech technology
mobility industries transfer
 IS AN ECONOMIC CONCEPT WHERE CAPITAL, LABOUR AND COMMODITY,
MARKET, INFORMATION, RAW MATERIAL, MANAGEMENT AND
ORGANIZATION ARE INTERNATIONALIZED AND FULLY INTERDEPENDENT
THROUGHOUT THE PLANET

American multinational retail

corporation that runs chains of large
discount department stores

Increases in Golden age Export-

World's largest chain of hamburger fast trade and for business, based
food restaurants, serving more than 119 liberalization commerce economies
countries policies and trade to propel
 THE TRANSMISSION OF CULTURE GLOBALLY, FACILITATED BY THE
MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, OBJECTS, SIGNS AND SYMBOLS, BOOKS AND
CULTURAL ARTIFACTS

The process of globalization

suggests simultaneously two
images:
STAGE 1
The compression of cultures.
Things formerly held apart are Movement organized by Berlin celebrating
Holi
now brought into contact and WWF celebrated
juxtaposition globally
STAGE 2
Entails the extension of a particular culture to its Common Minimizing
limit, the globe. Heterogeneous cultures become shape of Formation
of Global cultural
incorporated and integrated into a dominant culture local diversity
which eventually covers the whole world cultures Culture
 POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION MEANS INTEGRATING THE GOVERNMENTS OR
RULING POWERS OF DIFFERENT NATIONS AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL TO
SOLVE THE PROBLEMS IMPOSING THREAT TO THE WORLD

SAARC: geopolitical organization of

eight countries that are located in South
Asia

End
Political
Worldwide geopolitics
integration
Group of seven industrialized infrastructur and the
schemes such
nations of the world, formed by e of inter- advent of a
as the
Canada, USA, France, Germany, national new age— the
European
Italy, japan, and the UK agreements era of global
union
politics
 ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBALIZATION MEANS TO CONSTRUCT
PHYSICAL STRUCTURES IN SUCH A WAY THAT THEY ARE
SUSTAINABLE IN TERMS OF SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT

UNCED: Earth Summit

where 172 governments
participated with 116
heads of state govt

Economy is Environment
Better a wholly and
(WMO) is an intergovernmental living for owned globalization
organization with a membership of all— subsidiary of deeply
191 Member States and Territories sustainably the ecology welded
together
What are the EFFECTS of Globalization?
DEATH OF DISTANCE
Distance – barrier against trade
The trade of goods and services has become feasible with
technological developments and trade agreements that decrease or
eliminate tariffs
Distance is the diffusion of production into the whole world
Currently, through FDI, MNC’s have diffused their productions to
many countries

END OF NATION STATE

As the development of modern nation-state depends on inter-
state relations, the definition of state becomes more evident in
the globalization process
Globalization increases the local awareness and solidifies ―auto-
awareness instead of eliminating nation-state
 DOMINANACE OF R & D
AGRICULTURAL 10000 B.C
Investment on knowledge forms the basics of innovativeness and
technologic development
Developing countries have significant R & D expenditures and WRITING 4,000 BC
expenditures on education is increasing in most OECD countries

PRINTING PRESS 14th century

INDUSTRIAL late 17th

REVOLUTION century
1700 1900 2000 & above
ECONOMICS Agriculture Manufacture Information
SPACE ERA 1970s
TECHNOLOGY Plough Machine Computer

OUTPUT Food Good Information COMMUNICATION 1980s

RESOURCE Land Capital Knowledge
ERA

UNIT Family Company Network KNOWLEDGE 1990s

ERA
ENERGY Muscle Fossil Fuel Brain

COMPETITION Local National Global INFORMATION 2000s

ERA
DEMAND Minimal Remarkable Continuity
 CULTURAL EROSION
“Particular culture” – heterogeneous culture dissolves, covers
the whole world
“tightening of culture” – cultures flow without organizational
principle
Local cultures have the possibilities to interpret the global and
redefine it in their authentic characteristics framework
Anthony smith declares that ― “global culture is problematic”

GLOCALIZATION
Combination of the terms “global” and “local”
The creation of goods and services that are customized to
supply global markets but consistent with local values
Glocalization does not eliminate all differences but ceases that
globalization will wipe all the differences out
Now globalization evolves itself in order to include local values
 CONTEMPORARY THESIS
Hyperglobalist
A new global era
Global civilization &
government
Promote unrestricted &
free international
interactions
Extinction of nation-state
OF GLOBALIZATION
Transformationalists Sceptic
Unprecedented Increased regionalism
interconnectedness Internationalized political
National policies owned economy lead by world’s
not only by nation but superpowers
international governments Strengthening of nation-
Transforming government state
pattern
What is it’s IMPORTANCE in PLANNING?
Planning can be said to be a subset of globalization
In planning we try to bring positive aspects of different
societies into one by combining them
The planners’ location is in the middle of the ideological
spectrum of hyperglobist and sceptic & are viewed to be a
sign of weakness
Appreciate the potential for growth, development which
globalization offers, at the same time concerned about
it’s ill effects.
COMPROMISE AS STRENGTH
World cities - New York, Tokyo and London : impact of the spatial planning system w.r.t
economic concepts.

Through advancement in communication and

transport system planners try to evolve a society
such that it sustains and remains in equilibrium
between the past and future.
Incorporates a global society forming “ethnic
enclaves”, within the complete mosaic of a city
A planner should be able to attract private
investment without totally abandoning all labour
and environmental standards of the city
What are it’s POSITIVE impacts?
A better economy – it introduces rapid development of the
capital market
Introducing new technologies- the new technologies and
progress in telecommunication, introduction of satellites,
mobiles etc
The new scientific research patterns
Rise in living standards
Better trade, more employment & increase in productivity due
to modern technology
In cultural context, globalization has brought in different
ideologies, and thought process amongst people
In political context, onset of western democratic system has an
impact on politics in eastern world
National policies control the extent of globalization in that
country and vice versa.
What are it’s NEGATIVE impacts?
Loss of national integrity , too much exchange of trade,
money etc. independent domestic policies are lost.
Unemployment , mental pressure on companies that causes
many people to lose their jobs
Cultural homogenization , people start to get westernize in
different culture lagging in their own heritage
Increasing gap between the rich and poor. Cheaper synthetic bags
overcoming jute
Developed countries are much benefited by this process rather
industries in West Bengal
than underdeveloped & developing countries.
Forfeiture among nations , Too much flow of capital amongst
countries introduces unfair and immoral distribution of income.
Globalization also provides a chance to the evil society i.e.
Terrorists and criminals to attack, also there are increasing
number of cases of cyber crimes

United Nations is believed

to be influenced by Global Mumbai terror attack
Superpower, USA
What are it’s IMPACTS on the CITY?

The impact of global forces can be argued to have had a fundamental impact on
the society.
W.r.t. planning, Inc. flow of immigrants may be more concerned with
substantial economic and social advancements.
At city level actual question is access to jobs and services.
Economic and social change impacts on civil society and political expression in
the city.
Globalisation impacts the socio-cultural beliefs of the city people; they start to
adopt western culture
It also impacts the city environmentally; degrading it.
Pressures on planning comes both from the need to integrate city economics
with global forces and need to integrate fragmented interest within the city
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