Chapter 5

Polynomials
and Polynomial
Functions

Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5-1

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 Chapter Sections
5.1 – Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials
5.2 – Multiplication of Polynomials
5.3 – Division of Polynomials and Synthetic Div
ision
5.4 – Factoring a Monomial from a Polynomial
and Factoring by Grouping
5.5 – Factoring Trinomials
5.6 – Special Factoring Formulas
5.7-A General Review of Factoring
5.8 - Polynomial Equations
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5-2
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§ 5.3

Division of
Polynomials and
Synthetic Division

Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5-3

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Divide a Polynomial by a Monomial

To Divide a Polynomial by a Monomial

Divide each term of the polynomial.

To divide a polynomial by a monomial, we will need to use

the quotient rule for exponents, the zero exponent rule, and
the negative exponent rule.
am
Quotient rule for exponents : n  a m  n , a  0
a
Zero exponent rule : a 0  1, a  0
1
Negative exponent rule : a  m , a  0
m

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Divide a Polynomial by a Monomial

Example
x10
a) 4  x  x10  4 6

x
5 x y 5 x y 5 31 5 2 5 x y
3 5 3 5 2 3

b)    2 x y 
4 xy 2
4 x y 4 4

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 Dividing Polynomials

To divide a polynomial by a polynomial, use the

same method as when performing long division.

Divide.
6t 2 - t - 40 dividend

2t  5 3t
divisor
2 1. Divide 6t 2 by 2t. Write the quotient above the
 2t  5 6t - t - 40 term containing the t.
6t2 + 15t 2. Multiply the 3t by 2t + 5. Write the product under
-16t - 40 the like terms.

3. Subtract. Bring down the remaining term.

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 Dividing Polynomials

Divide.
6t 2 - t - 40
2t  5 3t - 8
 2t  5 6t 2 - t - 40
6t2 +15t
-16t - 40 4. Repeat, using the first term in the bottom row:
-16t - 40 -16t  2t = - 8

6t 2 - t - 40
 3t  8 Check your answer using the FOIL method.
2t  5
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5-7
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Use the Remainder Theorem

Remainder Theorem
If the polynomial P(x) is divided by x – a, the
remainder is equal to P(a).

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