• Sag in overhead transmission

line.
By Muhammad Hassan 19EL52
Electrical Department sec II
 Contents
• Introduction about sag
• Sag formula
 Introduction
In a transmission line, sag is defined as the vertical difference in
level between points of support (most commonly transmission
towers) and the lowest point of the conductor. The
calculation of sag and tension in a transmission line depends on
the span of the overhead conductor.
Span having equal level supports (i.e. towers of the same
height) is called level span. Conversely, when the span has
unequal levels of support, this is known as unequal level span.
Continued…
Consider a transmission line conductor AOB suspended
freely between level supports A and B at the same level
(equal span). The shape of the conductor is a parabola and
the lowest point of the conductor is O.
Why Sag is mandatory ?
Sag is mandatory in transmission line conductor
suspension. The conductors are attached between two
supports with the perfect value of sag.
This is because it protects the conductor from excessive
tension. In order to permit a safe level of tension in the
conductor, conductors are not fully stretched; rather they
are allowed to have sagged.
If the conductor is stretched fully during installation,
wind exerts pressure on the conductor, hence the
conductor gets a chance to be broken or detached from its
end support. Thus sag is allowed to have during
conductor suspension.
 Continued…
• The tension on the depends on
conductor following factors: the
❑Weight of the conductor
❑Wind effects
❑Ice loading
❑Temperature variation
 Continued…
While calculating the sag there are two
consideration

When the When the

supports are supports are
at equal at unequal
ground level ground level