Construction of Three Phase

Induction Motor

Dr. Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar

Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Mehran University of Engineering and
Technology Jamshoro
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3-phase Induction Motor

➢ Stator
➢ Rotor
Stator of induction motor
Motor Frame
Assembly

Stator Winding
Assembly

Rotor & Shaft

Assembly
Stator of induction motor
It consists of a steel frame which encloses a hollow,
cylindrical core made up of thin laminations of silicon steel
to reduce hysteresis and eddy current losses.

Core, constructed from stacked laminations , having a

number of evenly spaced slots, providing the space for the
stator winding.

These windings may be connected

in star or delta and three
terminations are brought out.
Stator of induction motor
The 3-phase stator winding is
wound for a definite number of
poles as per requirement of speed.
Greater the number of poles, lesser is the speed of the motor and
vice-versa.

When 3-phase supply is given to the

stator winding, a rotating magnetic
field of constant magnitude is
produced.

This rotating field induces currents in

the rotor by electromagnetic induction.
Induction Motors
➢The elements of the
laminated iron core are
punched from a silicon
iron sheet.

➢The sheet has slots

and 4 holes for the
assembly of the iron
core
Figure 7.7 Stator iron core sheet.
 Induction Motors

➢The iron core on the

figure has paper liner
insulation placed in
some of the slots.
➢A three-phase
motor,
the three phase
windings are placed in
the slots Stator iron core without windings
 Rotor of three phase Induction Motor
1. Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Stator construction is
2. Slip-ring (wound) Rotor Induction Motor the same for the two
types of induction
motors

The induction machine has a rather uniform airgap of 0.2 to 3 mm.

 Squirrel cage rotor

Wound rotor

slip rings
Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

➢This rotor has a laminated cylindrical iron

core with parallel slots, and is mounted
shaft. on
a
Copper or aluminum bars are molded in the slots and the bars
are
short circuited with two end rings.
◼ This rotor behaves like a short-circuited
winding
◼ The entire construction (bars and end rings) resembles a
squirrel cage and hence the name.

◼ The rotor is not connected electrically to the supply but has

current induced in it by transformer action from the stator.
Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
Most of 3-phase induction motors use squirrel cage rotor as it has a
remarkably simple and robust construction enabling it to operate in
the most adverse circumstances.

However, it suffers from the disadvantage of a low starting torque.

It is because the rotor bars are permanently short-circuited and it is

not possible to add any external resistance to the rotor circuit to
have a large starting torque.
 STATO & ROTOR OF SCIM
Shaft
R
 Induction Motors

Squirrel Cage Rotor

Induction Motors
Wound rotor.
➢ Mostmotors use the squirrel-cage rotor because of the robust
and maintenance-free construction.

➢ However, large, older motors use a wound rotor with three

phase windings placed in the rotor slots.

➢A wound rotor has laminated cylindrical core and carries a complete

set of 3 phase windings that are mirror images of windings on
stator.
➢The 3 phase of rotor windings are usually Y-connected.

➢The open ends of the rotor winding are brought out and joined to three
insulated slip rings mounted on the rotor shaft with one brush resting on
each slip ring.
Wound rotor.
➢The rotor currents accessible at stator brushes, where they
can
be examined & where extra resistance can be inserted into rotor
circuit
➢This can be used to modify torque-speed characteristic of motor

➢Wound rotor motors more expensive, & require more

maintenance due to wear associated with brushes & slip rings,
therefore wound motor induction motors are rarely used
Wound rotor.
➢ A slip ring rotor is wound with star connected three phase
windings, the winding ends are brought out and connected to the
exterior through three slip rings.
➢ The cage rotor is easy to manufacture, hence it is cheap and
robust.
However, we cannot do anything with the rotor circuit, in other
words we cannot control the speed or starting torque of a cage
rotor.

➢ A slip ring rotor is expensive to manufacture and it is vunerable

to
overheat, but we can connect suitable external resistance through
the slip rings to the rotor circuit. As a result, we can control the
starting torque and running characteristic of the slip ring motor.
Wound rotor.

Rotor of a large induction motor. (Courtesy

Siemens).
Wound rotor.

Slip-rings
3-phase Slip-ring (Wound rotor) Induction Motor
Running Position

Brush

Three
Phase
Supply

Rotor Windings External Resistors

Stator Windings Slip Rings Starting Position

(Also called Wound Rotor Induction Motor)

 Slip rings

Cutaway in a
typical wound-
rotor IM.
Notice the
brushes and
the
slip rings

Brushes
Note: brushes and slip rings are shown, also rotor windings skewed to eliminate
slot
Slip-rings
3-phase Wound rotor Induction Motor
THANKS
3-phase Induction Motor
 Introduction
➢The Induction motor was
invented by Nikola
➢Three-phase Tesla inmotors
induction 1888. are the most common and
frequently encountered machines in industry
▪ simple design, rugged, low-price, easy maintenance
▪ wide range of power ratings: fractional horsepower to 10
MW
▪ run essentially as constant speed from no-load to full load
▪ No brushes. No contacts on rotor shaft
▪ –Lower Cost/Power
▪ Its speed depends on the frequency of the power source
• not easy to have variable speed control

• requires a variable-frequency power-electronic drive for

optimal speed control
➢Applications
▪ Conveyer line (belt) drives,
▪ Paper mills,
▪ Traction,
▪ Electric vehicles,
▪ Elevators,
▪ pulleys,
▪ Air-conditioning and any industrial process that requires
variable-speed operation.
 Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor

cross-section conductors in photograph

rotor

rotor, stator and cross-section of stator

 Single phase Induction Motors

Induction motor
components.