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Subject- Business Law

Topic- Essential elements
of contract

Kushagra Pareek
School of law
 Quasi means almost or apparently but not really & Contract means an
agreement enforceable by law.
Quasi contract is not a contract at all , because the essential elements
for the formation of a contract are absent. It is an obligation imposed by
law upon a person for the benefit of another even in the absence of a
contract. It is based on principle of equity.

Eg :- In case of plumber who accidently install a sprinkler system in the

lawn of the wrong house. The owner of the house had learned the
previous day that his neighbour was getting new sprinkler . That
morning, he sees the plumber is installing them in his own lawn .
Pleased at the mistake , he says nothing, and then refuses to pay when the
plumber hands him the bill now it’s comes under quasi contract
because the man already knew that the sprinkler were being installed
mistakenly ,so court would may him pay because of quasi contract
Salient Features of Quasi Contractual Rights:-
 A quasi contract is not a real contract.
 It is not based upon the offer and acceptance rule.
 It does not arise from any formal agreement but it is imposed by
law.
 It is a right which is available not against the entire world,
but against particular person(s) only.
Unjust enrichment declares that a person shall not be
allowed to enrich himself at the expense of unknown
parties.
&
Quantum merit means “the actual value of services
performed “.
It determines the amount to be paid for services when no
contract exits or when there is doubt as to the amount due
for the work performed but done undercircumstances when
payment could be expected .
(section 68 to 72)
1. Supply of Necessaries to Incapable Person
(Section 68):

If a person incapable of entering into a contract, or anyone

whom he is legally bound to support, is supplied by another
person with necessaries, suited to his condition in life, the
person who has furnished such supplies is entitled to be
reimbursed from the property of such incapable person.
Example: A supplies B, a lunatic, with necessaries suitable
to his condition in life. A is entitled to be reimbursed from
B’s property.
 2. Payment by Interested Person (Section 69):

A person, who is interested in payment of money, which

another is bound by law to pay, and who therefore, pays
it, is entitled to be reimbursed by the other.

Example: A holds land in Bengal on a lease. B is the owner of

the land. The land revenue payable by B to the government
is in arrears and therefore the government advertised the
land for sale to recover the dues. To prevent the sale of land
A pays the arrears of land revenue. In this case B is bound to
reimburse the amount to A.
3. Payment for Non-gratuitous act (Section 70):

Where a person lawfully does anything for another person

or delivers anything to him not intending to do so
gratuitously and such other person enjoys the benefit
thereof, the later is bound to make compensation to the
former in respect of, or, to restore the thing so done or
delivered.
Example: A, a tradesman, leaves his good at B’s house by
mistake. B treats the goods as his own and uses them. B is
bound to pay for the goods.
 4. Liability of Finder of Goods (Section 71):

A person who finds the goods belonging to another,

and takes them into his custody is subject to same
responsibility as a bailee.
He must take reasonable care of the goods and keep
them in sound condition and try to find out its true
owner.
 5. Payment of Delivery by Mistake or under

Coercion(Section 72):

A person to whom money has been paid or anything

delivered by mistake or under coercion must repay or
return it.
Example: A and B jointly owe Rs.5,000 to C. A
alone pays this amount to C. B not knowing this again
pays Rs.5,000 to C. In this case C is bound to repay
Rs.5,000 to B as this amount is paid to him by
mistake.
Short answer question
Q.1 What do you understand by 'Quasi-Contract'?
Discuss. Q2. Give the importance of Quasi Contract.
Q3. Explain “Payment by Interested Person (Section 69)”.

Long answer question

1. What is a quasi contract? What are the different types

of quasi contract?
2. What do you understand by Doctrine of Quasi
Contract?
THANK YOU