OBJECTIVES

• Identify the different techniques in summarizing and paraphrasing.

• Employ the techniques in summarizing through a variety of
academic texts.
• Paraphrase/explain a text using one’s own words.
• Recognize the importance of using appropriate summarizing
technique by engaging in a variety of academic texts. (Truth
Seeker)
What is the video about?
 What is your technique in note-
taking while you were watching the
video?
SUMMARIZING

•Restatement of the main idea

•A brief statement of the main points
•Condensed version that covers the main
points
•Cutting down a text to its bare essentials
•Do not forget to cite your sources.
•Read the text thoroughly.
•Highlight the important details.
•Restate the main idea using your own
words.
•Do not forget to check the relationships of
ideas.
•Recheck your output with the original text.
 It is obvious that the two subjects have different
reading intentions, beliefs, and interests. One sees
reading as a recreative activity; thereby choosing
novels over the types of reading materials and
advising others to start developing a likeness for
reading by reading a novel. Along this line, this
person considers the ability to have a big reading
appetite as a basis for becoming a good reader. From
this person’s definition of reading, one would get the
idea that he views reading as a product – there’s result
from every reading activity. (Mante, 2006, p. 191)
 It is obvious that the two subjects have different
reading intentions, beliefs, and interests. One sees
reading as a recreative activity; thereby choosing
novels over the types of reading materials and
advising others to start developing a likeness for
reading by reading a novel. Along this line, this
person considers the ability to have a big reading
appetite as a basis for becoming a good reader. From
this person’s definition of reading, one would get the
idea that he views reading as a product – there’s result
from every reading activity. (Mante, 2006, p. 191)
 According to Mante (2006), reading can
be viewed as a product where a result is
expected after every activity and the more
a person read, the better reader he/she is.
Do a ONE SENTENCE summary of the given paragraph.
The practice of written corrective feedback (WCF) in the teaching
of second language writing has generated several studies with
contrasting views: those that consider it to be formative and those
that see it as potentially harmful. Since feedback is already
generally expected by students in most contexts, it might be more
constructive to concentrate in developing strategies that make the
practice of WCF beneficial to learners. In this study, learners of L2
writing in Philippine college are divided into three groups in order
to determine the strategies – direct with metalinguistic explanation
and indirect. It has been found in immediate post-test stages that
students exposed to feedback may have significant accuracy gains
over those who have not, and that feedback types may not
necessarily influence how large these gains may be. (Vergara and
Lee, 2014)
 What is paraphrasing?

How does it differ from summarizing?

 PARAPHRASING

•Restatement of the main idea AND

supporting details
•MAY match the length of the original text
•Allows very little opportunity for
misinterpretation
•Cutting down a text to its bare essentials
•Read the text thoroughly.
•Note BOTH main ideas and supporting
details.
•CAREFULLY state the major and minor
points in your OWN WORDS.
•Do not forget to check the relationships of
ideas.
•Recheck your output with the original text.
 WAYS IN PARAPHRASING

•Literal paraphrasing
•Structural paraphrasing
•Alternative paraphrasing
 LITERAL PARAPHRASING

•Only replaces vocabulary terms

Example
ORIGINAL:
“It’s increasingly clear that the
biggest roadblock to improving the
achievement of U.S. students is
violence and disorder in our
schools.” Albert Shanker
REVISED:
According to Albert Shanker, it becomes
constantly more apparent that the largest
hurdle to bettering the performance of
American students is violent and
disorderly behavior in our schools.
REVISED: (with thesaurus)
Shanker professes progressively
unambiguously that the prevalent
barricade to humanizing the triumph
of U.S. students is carnage and
mayhem in our schools.
 STRUCTURAL PARAPHRASING

•Changing the structure of the

original text. (e.g. passive to active)
•Change in structure reflects your
interpretation.
Example
ORIGINAL:
Puppies were adopted by numerous
kind souls at the puppy drive.
REVISED:
Many kind souls adopted puppies
during the puppy drive.
 ALTERNATIVE PARAPHRASING

•What is the text about?

•How is the main idea supported?
•What is the stand of the author
about the topic?
Paraphrase the following passage.
Women have traditionally been seen as mothers and
home makers and it is only in recent years that they
have been making significant inroads into the job
market. There is still a long way to go before they
achieve complete equality with men but the situation
has definitely improved.
How can summarizing and paraphrasing
help you in your studies?
What is the difference between summarizing and paraphrasing?
How can you ensure the reliability of your revision?
Communication skills are essential for career advancement. More
specifically, writing is a vital part of almost every job. In fact, effective
writing may help one obtain a job, perform one’s duties more successfully,
and earn promotions. However, effective writing skills are not acquired
overnight. These skills are honed over the years through formal education,
patience, and discipline. Hence, academic writing and technical writing
courses are offered in college to prepare students for the writing tasks in
their chosen profession. Accordingly, teachers are expected to help students
develop the critical skills of brainstorming, researching (through print and
online sources), drafting, revising, editing, formatting, and proofreading. In
the process of developing these skills, teachers give feedback on students’
written output. This feedback aims to guide students on the improvements
that they should make both on the content and the mechanical aspect of their
output. Corrective feedback in general is a long-standing education practice
that can arguably be linked to almost everything we learn (Oab, 2014).