Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
• Geotechnical applications
• K0, active & passive states
• Rankine’s earth pressure theory
A 2-minute break
Lateral Support
In geotechnical engineering, it is often necessary to
prevent lateral soil movements.
Tie rod
Anchor
Sheet pile
Lateral Support
Soil Nailing
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Sheet Pile
Sheet Pile
Sheet Pile
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Lateral Support
geosynthetics
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Lateral Support
filled with
Crib walls have been used in Queensland. soil
Good drainage & allow plant growth.
Looks good. Interlocking
stretchers
and headers
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v’
h’
X
Estimating K0
Wall moves
away from soil
Wall moves A
towards soil
B
smooth wall
v’ = z
Initially, there is no lateral movement.
v ’ z
h ’ h’ = K0 v’ = K0 z
A
As the wall moves away from the soil,
v’ remains the same; and
h’ decreases till failure occurs.
Active state
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e l ope
env
a i lure
f Initially (K0 state)
Failure (Active state)
v ’
active earth
pressure decreasing h’
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l ope
e
env
ure
fail
WJM Rankine
(1820-1872)
[h’]active v’
90+
[h’]active v’
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h ’ K0 state
v ’ z
Active
h ’ A state
wall movement
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v ’
increasing h’
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l ope
e
env
ure
fail
v’ [h’]passive
90+
[h’]passive
v’
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h ’ Passive state
v ’
h’
B
K0 state
wall movement
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[h’]passive H
PA=0.5 KAH2
h PP=0.5 KPh2
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KPh KAH
h ’
Passive state
Active state
K0 state
Wall movement
(not to scale)
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Road
Train
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highway
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High-rise building
basement wall
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cement mortar
plain concrete or
stone masonry
cobbles
Reinforced;
smaller section
than gravity
walls
2 2
Block no.
3 3
1
1
toe
toe
Wi = weight of block i
Analyse the stability of this rigid body with
x = horizontal distance of centroid of block i from toe
vertical walls (Rankine theory valid)
i
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Safety against sliding along the base
PP {Wi }. tan soil-concrete friction
angle 0.5 – 0.7
Fsliding
PA
to be greater
than 1.5
2 2
PA H
3 3 PA
1
PP 1
S h PP
toe S
R
toe
y R
y
to be greater
than 2.0
2 2
PA H
3 3 PA
1
PP 1
S h PP
toe S
R
toe
y R
y
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Points to Ponder
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