EXTREMISM AND Causes and effects

TERRORISM
1. EXTREMISM

Extremism is the exaggeration and fanaticism of ideas

which is totally away from moderation in all fields.
It’s a group of ideas that exceeds what is agreed upon in
political, social, religious and economic life of the society
or country.
Leaders of all extremist and terror groups strive to
convince other to join their ideas.
Extremism is the departure from the intellectual, ideological and
behavior to the far right or left. It is the deviation from the normal life of
the society (center).
Operating outside the law/norms/values/beliefs/ and agreed international
customary and legal principles.
Normally extremism start from contradictions in interests and values
between different parties that seeks to acquire everything at the expense of
the others.
Extremists feel isolated and insecure and therefore starts to develop
different ideas to counter perceived danger.
He starts thinking that he is the best and the only one right
while other are wrong and atheist. Therefore, he does not accept
other people’s opinion.
Extremists pressurize other people to believe in their idea
without question and dialogue.
Fanaticism is the defending of one’s belief/ideology. It leads
to absence of dialogue and common languages. They transform
themselves into abnormal behavior, including violence to
promote their beliefs/ideas.
Extremism operates like a virus. It spreads
through ideology .
Extremists believe God is ordering them to do
something.
It is easier to deal with terrorism that extremist .
Extremism must be faced with ideology. It is difficult
but must be worked on.
Religious extremism is the strict understanding of
religion in a way that it is against any other ideology
including calling other as atheist. They may also resort to
killing others and depriving people of their property Al-
Shabaab, Boka Haram, ISIL.
FORMS OF EXTREMISM

1. RELIGIOUS
Fanaticism
Exaggeration
Harsh attitude towards others
Mistrust
Isolation from society
Convince others to join him
2. SECTARIANISM
Ethnicity and racism. The current situation in Iraq, Nigeria Syria. This situation can
be exploited the enemy to cause havoc and disunity in the Country.
3. SOCIAL EXTREMISM
The presence of extremist social attitude in a community –gender related
4. SECURITY EXTREMISM
Based on terrorist and other forms of violence
STAGES OF EXTREMISM/TERRORISM

convincing people to join the ideology

causing division within the community e.g. based on sexes-male
and female
mobilize youth for uprising
motivation –cutting diplomatic ties with atheist states
developing hatred /violence –brain washing
inciting followers to a particular target
manufacturing IEDs
CAUSES OF EXTREMISM

Political
Injustices committed by Government officials
Secret political organization that violet human rights
Absence of democracy
Corruption
Ideology
Ignorance about the true meaning of religion
Exaggeration in ideas
Failure by religious organizations to counter false preaching
Psychological

Spirit of being famous/heroism

Frustration in life
Family and society disintegration
Social
Unemployment, especially among the youth
Social injustice
Economic
Income disparity
Unemployment
Education
Absence of role models
Absence of raising children according to culture and societal norms
ENVIRONMENT PERPETUATING
EXTREMISM
Hatred
Chaotic community
Weak state
Presence of negative media
Presence of hostile CSOs
Oppression by Government
Corruption
Negative foreign influence by Governments and international organization (divide
and rule).
WAYS OF COMBATING EXTREMISM

Media strategy.
Schools- education.
Encouraging debates.
Involving of credible religious clerics.
Working with community to fight extremism.
Monitoring social media.
Balancing between human rights and security.
TERRORISM
DEFINITIONS OF TERRORISM

It became evident in 1794 during the reign of terror in France-

Robert Pierre
It is the organize use of extra-ordinary procedure of violence with
the aim of achieving political objectives and practicing authority
which is executed by political organizations to influence citizens
and create fear.
Bringing down the ruing Governing systems
It is any action done by individuals or groups of individuals
against others for some political reasons.
It is the use of violence with all its types to influence individuals,
society and Government and creating an atmosphere of instability
with the aim of achieving a certain targets (social, cultural,
economic, political situations).
Terrorism is the practicing of violence or threat of violence with
a political purpose to influence the entity of the state or dominate
the current situation and creating unstable atmosphere to reach a
final target to changing current political authority approved by the
Constitution and the society.
Terrorism is about harming the environment or
public/ private facilities and exposing people to
danger and violating their rights with intention to
cause fear.
However it should be noted that even in rich countries terrorism exits
Specific history field- rich countries that suddenly slide into insecurity such as Libya
Specific terror incidents aimed at attacking funding
CAUSES OF TERRORISM

Ignorance in the society

Unemployment/poverty
Strict interpretation of religion
Countries that sponsor terrorism
Self -determination concept by some countries
FORMS OF TERRORISM

Cross –border (global terrorism)

Sponsored by other countries
Religious terrorism
Media terrorism –incitement
Political terrorism-when power is in the hands of people
not democratically elected.
DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF TERRORISM

Harming others or spreading fear and exposing them to danger

Harming build environment such as infrastructures and vital
installations
Frustrating/sabotaging public authority e.g. places of worship,
schools etc.
 Obstructing the rule of law
Causing public disorder –public security, public health and peace
and calm.
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF TERRORISM

Political regimes (lack morals- self-interest)

Failure to adhere to agreements related to CT
Inability by international system to deal with CT-
bringing perpetuators to books
Support to Terror groups by some Governments
Development in ICT
Rapid spread of terror Cells
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INCREASED
TERRORISM

There are mainly attributed to terrorist organizations and

Governments
Increased recruitment
Government failure to prioritize combating terrorism
Different levels of economic growth with a country,
region or globally –disparity in levels of development
Involvement of individuals in terror activities –poverty
and unemployment
Globalization
Poor distribution of income and service delivery
Unbalanced development
Absence of the concept of equal opportunities
Corruptions in all kinds
Economic marginilsation
Injustice of international economic systems
Domination by western multi-national companies
Far right and Left extremism ideology
TYPES OF IMPACT

Loss of production forces

Diversion of budget
Tourism industry
Currency exchange rate
Increased prices of essential goods
International finance market
Economic growth and activity
Insurance –big consumption
Decrease in consumption and investment
Impact import and export
Economy of poorer countries
Increased spending on security sector
Security of airport and vital installations
Measurement causality
Effect of economic terrorism depends on country to
country
Economy of developing countries are more effected by
terrorism activities
Increased expenditure on security budget
Effect on investor confidence
Insurance impact
USE OF THE MEDIA IN PROMOTING
TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM
Spread fear or terror
Cause public disorder in information system
Exposing the society to threat of attacks
Spread harmful/negative propaganda
Mobilization people to adopt extremist/terror
ideology
Recruitment of the Youth
Training
Coordinating terror attacks
Financing and supporting
OBSTACLES IN FIGHTING GLOBAL TERRORISM

Ban against extraditing people accused of

terrorism/political charges –being exploited by
terrorists
Political asylum rights
Improvement in ICT
The principle of extradition or trail–trial abroad or
at home
Involvement in Governments in proxy wars
Involving of politics in terrorism –defining terrorism
according to political interest
Development of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
Failure by the international bodies to have unified
approach to combating extremism and terrorism