Justice

&
Equality
Name:Sakshi Oza
Enrolment number:180280103029
Subject :Values & Ethics
 What is justice?

• Justice, for many people, refers to fairness. But while justice is important to almost everyone, it means different things to
different groups.
• justice is derived from a latin word ‘ justicia’ means joining or fitting.
• For instance, social justice is the notion that everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social opportunities irrespective
of race, gender, or religion.
• Distributive justice refers to the equitable allocation of assets in society.
• Environmental justice is the fair treatment of all people with regard to environmental burdens and benefits.
• Justice is one of the most important moral values in the spheres of law and politics. 
• Restorative or corrective justice seeks to make whole those who have suffered
unfairly.
• Retributive justice seeks to punish wrongdoers objectively and proportionately
• procedural justice refers to implementing legal decisions in accordance with fair
and unbiased processes.
• Legal and political systems that maintain law and order are desirable, but they
cannot accomplish either unless they also achieve justice.
• The idea of justice occupies centre stage both in ethics, and in legal and political
philosophy.
• We apply it to individual actions, to laws, and to public policies
• It has to coordinate and draw a harmonious balance rights and duty of the people living in
the society.
• It is connected with the moral, social, economic, political and legal relation of an
individual with others.
 JUSTICE
• In health care ethics, this can be subdivided into three categories: fair
distribution of scarce resources (distributive justice), respect for people’s rights
(rights based justice) and respect for morally acceptable laws (legal justice) .
• Alperovitch et al. (2009) describe two elements of the principle of justice,
namely equality and equity.
• Justice is a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, religion, equity
and fairness.
• Justice is the idea we are required to treat each other equally. If you do bad to someone
you shall have to pay your dues in order for equality to be restored.
• E.g. a murderer going to prison for life or facing the death penalty.
Some of the economists statements on justice

James Baldwin-Ignorance allied with power is the most ferocious

enemy ,justice can have.
Babasaheb Ambedkar-we must stand on our own feet and fight as best as
we can for our rights.
Benjamin Franklin-Justice will not be seemed until those who are
unaffected use as outraged as those who are.
John Stuart Hill-argued that justice is based on the best outcomes for the
greatest number of people.
John Rawls-used a social contract argument to show that justice and
especially distributive justice.
Theories of distributive justice
 Elements such as social security,
benefits , government , transportation
and agriculture are divided into
categories and section and given a
percentage for subdivisions which are
justified.
 central question of distributive justice is
the question of how the benefits and
burdens of our lives are to be distributed.
 Justice involve giving each person his or
her due..
 Equals are to be treated equally.
 E.G are Income (income tax)
 Wealth (inheritance tax)
 Opportunities(equal opportunities
The questions which should be answered

1) What goods are to be distributed? .Is it to be wealth ,power ,respect ,

oppurtunities or some combination of these things?
2) Between what entities are they to be distributed? Humans,sentiment
beings,the members of a single society,nation?
3) What is the proper distribution ?Equal ,meritocratic,according to social
status ,according to need,based on property rights and non aggression?
4) What are the ethical rights of people towards this distribution and how they
are formed,are they mean to be followed IF yes then Why?
The above questions are generally arised and are discussed but no conclusion
due to irrespective and irresponsible oh the values which we have we should ask
to ourself to that, Is this is what our values and ethics are?
Lady Justice

This blindfolded lady symbolsises

justice but don’t know when thid
weight scale of justice will actually be
equal
Its symbolsises the justice of moral
force in judicial system nut the moral
are the things which we should develop
I AM FOR TRUTH NO MATTER WHO
TELLS IT , I AM FOR JUSTICE NO
MATTER WHO ITS FOR OR AGAINST
SOCIAL MOBILITY

• Social Justice is concerned with the just relationship between individuals and
their society,often considering how privileges , opportunities and wealth ought
to be distributed among individuals.
• Social mobility especially the ease with which individuals and famaliles may
move between social strata.
• Social justice is the distinct from cosmopolition , which is the idea that all
people belong to single global community with a shared morality.
• EG: Socialist George C. Homans suggested that the root concept of justice is
that each person should receive rewards that are proptional to their
contributions
• Social Justice is also a distinct from egalitarianism
Rights towards ethics :
Justice in its broadest sense is the principle that people receive that which they deserve ,with
the interpretation of what then constitutes “DESERVING” being impacted upon by numerous
fields

• The simplest form of restitution is a straightforward apology. Restoration

means putting things back as they were, so it may include some act of
contrition to demonstrate one is truly sorry. This may include action and even
extra payment to the offended party. Restorative justice is also known
as corrective justice.
• social justice is the notion that everyone deserves equal economic, political,
and social opportunities irrespective of race, gender, or religion.
• Distributive justice refers to the equitable allocation of assets in society.
• Environmental justice is the fair treatment of all people with regard to
environmental burdens and benefits.
• . Retributive justice: Retributive
justice works on the principle of
punishment, although what
constitutes fair and proportional
punishment is widely debated.
Punishment in practice is more
about the satisfaction of victims and
those who care about them
• . Procedural justice: The principle
of fairness is also found in the idea
of fair play (as opposed to the fair
share of distributive justice).
• If people believe that a fair process
was used in deciding what it to be
distributed, then they may well
accept an imbalance in what they
receive in comparison to others. If
they see both procedural and
distributive injustice, they will
likely seek restorative and/or
retributive justice.
Equality is quite simply defined as two or
more things being of equal state,
appearance, or
value. As a concept or theory, this seems
rather straightforward and easy to
understand. But,
when the idea of equality is applied to
people, the concept becomes much
stickier.

every citizen of the

newly formed United States was to be
treated the same as every other citizen
around them. This
means that, theoretically, they all should
have had equal access to employment,
equal
opportunities to purchase and own land,
equal treatment in society, and so on.
Equality
 Equality divides into six sections :-
1. NATURAL
2. SOCIAL
3. CIVIL
4. POLITICAL
5. ECONOMIC
6. LEGAL
 The prohibition of discrimination,religion,race,caste,gender or place of birth.
 Equality, like liberty is one of the fundamental pillars of democracy
It simply means that two
or more things, such as two groups of
people, are equal in, among other
things, their state, freedoms, and
value. While people all over the world
continue to struggle towards living up
to their promises of
equality, the types of equality, such as
social, political, economic, and civil, have
yet to play
out as they are intended.
• The equality act 2010 says that you must not be discriminated against age because a
certain age or a certain age group you are connected to someone of specific age or a
age group ,this is known as discrimination of association.There are even more
subdivision or categories in age too.also everyone has to be treated equally
regardless age of people.
• Natural equality :human differ in respect of their physical features, psychological traits,
mental abilities and capacities, all humans are to be treated as equal humans. All are to be
considered to avail all human rights and freedoms.
• Social equality: referred as equal rights and opportunities for development for all classes of
people without any discrimination such as civil rights, freedom of speech, property rights, and
equal access to social goods and services. also includes concepts of health equity, economic
equality and other social securities.
Equality diversity:disabililty

• In the Equality Act a disability means a physical or a mental condition which has a substantial and long-
term impact on your ability to do normal day to day activities.
• There are six main types of disability discrimination:
1. direct discrimination
2. indirect discrimination
3. failure to make reasonable adjustments
4. discrimination arising from disability
5. harassment
6. Victimisation
• Direct discrimination-This happens when someone treats you worse than another person in a similar
situation because of disability.
• Indirect discrimination- happens when an organisation has a particular policy or way of working that has a
worse impact on disabled people compared to people who are not disabled. 
Equality diversity:ethincity

• In the Equality Act, race can mean your colour, or your nationality (including your
citizenship). It can also mean your ethnic or national origins, which may not be the
same as your current nationality.Race also covers ethnic and racial groups. This means
a group of people who all share the same protected characteristic of ethnicity or race.
• Civil equality: elaborated as the grant of equal rights and freedoms to all the people and social
groups. All the people are to be treated equal before Law. Treat all the individuals equally ,
discrimination of superior and inferior, the rich and the poor, caste and creed, color and race,
clam and tribes, groups and classes.

•   Political equality: referred as equal opportunities for participation of all in the political process
grant of equal political rights for all citizens with some uniform qualifications everyone.
 Equality diversity:religion

 religious equality means treating all religions the same: Christians, Sikhs, Hindus, Buddhists Muslims
and Jews, as well as all denominations within each of them.
 . Economic equality: denotes to fair and adequate opportunities to all for work and for earning of their livelihoods also
means primary needs of all should be fulfilled before special needs of few are gratified .The gap between rich and poor
should be lowest be equitable distribution of wealth and resources in the society.
Legal equality: defined as equality before law, equal subjection of all to the same legal code and equal opportunity for all
to secure legal protection of their rights and freedom.
Equality of opportunity and education: opportunity and education means that all the citizens should be given equal
similar opportunities by the state similar chances to receive education All have similar opportunities to develop their
personality.not be any distinction of caste and creed, colour and race, rich and poor.
Equality diversity:maritial status

• The Equality Act says you must not be discriminated against in employment because you
are married or in a civil partnership.
• In the Equality Act marriage and civil partnership means someone who is legally married or
in a civil partnership.
• Marriage can either be between a man and a woman, or between partners of the same sex.
• Civil partnership is between partners of the same sex.
• People do not have this characteristic if they are:
1. single
2. living with someone as a couple neither married nor civil partners
3. engaged to be married but not married
4. divorced or a person whose civil partnership has been dissolved
Equality diversity:pregnancy maternity care

• A human rights approach to maternal health is considered as a

useful framework in international efforts to reduce maternal
mortality.
• Although fundamental human rights principles are incorporated
into legal and medical frameworks, human rights have to be
translated into measurable actions and outcomes.
• So far, their substantive applications remain unclear. 
Equality diversity:gender/sex

• Gender equality is when people of all genders have equal rights, responsibilities and
opportunities.
•  Everyone is affected by gender inequality - women, men, trans and gender diverse
people, children and families.
• It impacts people of all ages and backgrounds.
• Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary
foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. 
• There has been progress over the last decades: More girls are going to school,
fewer girls are forced into early marriage, more women are serving in parliament
and positions of leadership, and laws are being reformed to advance gender
equality. 
What differentiates justice and equality

• Equality is when things are same in some particular way or simply the state of
being equal.
• Equality and justice are different. Yes they are!!
• Equality is necessary but not sufficient for the society. It's also not sufficient
for justice. Equality is treating everyone without bias. Justice is the way of
acting with consistency on the basis of laws that embodies fairness in
promoting general welfare.
• Equality assumes everyone is same. They possess same
abilities,talents,interests etc. But justice on the other hand is all about making
fairness among the society as I already said.
What differentiates justice and equality

• Justice can be defined as giving every owner of right his right and punish
to unjust.And it can also be described as placing everything in its right
place is also called justice.
• Equality is all about considering every one same regardless of his religion,
caste, and color. Or it can be described as the state of equilibrium.
• From my point of view I will prefer justice over equality because this
universe was created by God on the basis of justice. If there is absolute
equality then what will be difference between you and me. This will not
make any sense and thus we won't have any social life. That's why justice is
more important than equality.
We should Open to change towards justice and
equality