BRASILIA

INTRODUCTIO
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Brasilia, the planned city of Brazil,
Nis a monument to honor Brazilian
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco & prowess.
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek • Brasilia comes from the Latin
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto
‘Brazil’
• It is the third capital of Brazil
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract Salvador (1549–1763).
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
Rio de Janeiro (1763–1960)
Accessibility
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Citieshttp://gosouthamerica.about.com/; http://www.distritofederal.df.gov.br
 LOCATIO
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location

N
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco &
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto

Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
Accessibility
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
Satellite Cities
 LOCATIO
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Goias,
NBrazil
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco & • Federal District
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek - central part of Brazil
NOVACAP Contest - divided into 29 regions.
III. Plano Piloto
• 15°30' and 16°03' South
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract latitude
City Form Basics
Sector Functions • Preto River = East
Accessibility Descoberto River = West.
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.brasiliabsb.com/bsb_aug2.htm
LOCATIO
N

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map

Link
LOCATIO
N

REFERENCE:
http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/maps/satellite-cities.html
LOCATIO
N

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map

Link
LOCATIO
N

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map

Link
 TOPOGRAPH
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Brazil Topography: amazon river,
Ylittle seismic or volcanic activity near
Topography & Climate
Culture Brazilian basin (60% of country),
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco & South American Plate.
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
• Brasilia: Matto Grasso Central
NOVACAP Contest
plateau
III. Plano Piloto
CLIMATE
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
• Tropical Savanna Climate but is
City Form Basics more similar to a subtropical
Sector Functions
Accessibility
highland climate/ eternal spring.
Costa's • Dry and Humid Season
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Citieshttp://www.brasiliabsb.com/ ; Matt Rosenburg,
http://www.about.com/
TOPOGRAPH
Y

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map

Link
 CULTUR
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Diverse Culture ： Portuguese,
EAfricans, Italian, German, Other
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco & European, Japanese, Amerindian
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek • Architecture : Cubist ideas,
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto
abstract forms, baroque, colonial,
modern, combination of skills
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
rather than one
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
• Portuguese legacy ：
Accessibility language, religion and law
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.brasiliabsb.com/bsb_aug2.htm
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
CONCEPTUA
• 1823 – José Bonifácio Silva
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
L– bill to move capital inland
Framework Bosco & – Brazilian Empire Expansion
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek – new capital name "Brasília"
NOVACAP Contest
– later dissolved, Emperor Dom Pedro I
III. Plano Piloto
• 1883 – Dom Bosco
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract – Italian saint had a dream
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
– construction of a new city "Between
Accessibility parallels 15 and 20."
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities http://www.brasiliabsb.com/; http://www.infobrasilia.com.br
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
CONCEPTUA
• 1889-1891 – Republic of Brazil
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
L– Brazil became a republic in 1889
Framework Bosco & – Article 3, Cruls Mission
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek • 1892 – "Cruls Mission"
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto
– Comissão Exploradora do Planalto
Central is appointed
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract • 1894 – "Cruls Quadrilateral“
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
– demarcated 14,400 km2 area
Accessibility adequate for the future capital
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities http://www.brasiliabsb.com/; http://www.infobrasilia.com.br
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
CONCEPTUA
• 1922, Sept.- Stone Foundation
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
L– first stone of Brasília is laid
Framework Bosco & – administered by Planaltina, one of the
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
satellite cities of Brasília
NOVACAP Contest • 1953 - President Getulio Vargas
III. Plano Piloto
– site for new capital: 15°30' to 17°
Modernism
South and 46°30' to 49°30' West
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics – Vargas commited suicide the
Sector Functions
Accessibility
following year.
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities http://www.brasiliabsb.com/; http://www.infobrasilia.com.br
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
CONCEPTUA
• 1955 – Succession
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
L– successor, Juscelino Kubitschek
Framework Bosco & • 1955, April - Kubitschek Promise
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek – rally in the in the state of Goiás
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto
– in response to a voter’s question
promises that, if elected, he will shift
Modernism
the federal capital to the central
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics plateau.
Sector Functions
IV. Reality of Brasilia
Accessibility
Satellite
Costa's Cities
Success
Conclusionand
Defeats
REFERENCE: http://www.distritofederal.df.gov.br; http://www.brasiliabsb.com/;
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
CONCEPTUA
• 50 years in Five - Kubitschek
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
L– make Brazil grow in five year term as
Framework Bosco & much as the previous fifty years
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
• NOVACAP (Companhia
NOVACAP Contest Urbanizadora da Nova Capital –
III. Plano Piloto
New Capital Urbanization Agency)
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
– Headed by architect Oscar
City Form Basics Niemeyer
Sector Functions
Accessibility
– Company to urbanize the new
Satellite
Costa's Cities capital
architects and urban planners
Success
Conclusionand
Defeats
IV. Reality of Brasilia
– Series of competitions between
REFERENCE: http://www.distritofederal.df.gov.br; http://www.brasiliabsb.com/;
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
CONCEPTUA
• 1 Place -
st
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
LLucio Costa
Framework Bosco &
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
• 2nd Place -
NOVACAP Contest Boruch
III. Plano Piloto Milman, João
Modernism Henrique
L.Costa’s Abstract Rocha and Ney
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
Fontes
IV. Reality of Brasilia
Accessibility Gonçalves
Satellite
Costa's Cities
Success
Conclusionand
Defeats
REFERENCE:
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/bsb_h1i.htm
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
CONCEPTUA
• 3 place - Rino
LLevi, Roberto
rd
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco & Cerqueira
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
Cesar and L. R.
NOVACAP Contest Carvalho
III. Plano Piloto
Franco
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
• 4th place - M.
City Form Basics M. M. Roberto
Sector Functions
IV. Reality of Brasilia
Accessibility Arquitects.
Satellite
Costa's Cities
Success
Conclusionand
Defeats
REFERENCE:
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/bsb_h1i.htm
PLANO
PILOTO

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map

Link
 PLANO
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Lucio Costa
PILOTO
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
– a modernist architect and student of
Framework Bosco & famous modernist Le Corbusier
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
– responsible for the layout
NOVACAP Contest – utopian city
III. Plano Piloto
• Modernism – Le Corbusier
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
– unplanned development = chaos;
City Form Basics centralized city planning = ideal city
Sector Functions
Accessibility 1. Well ventilated residences near
Costa's green spaces
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/bsb_h1i.htm
 PLANO
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Modernism – Le
PILOTO
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
Corbusier
2. The separation of residences from
Framework Bosco & workplaces, with industries
Silva excluded from the city proper
Vargas & Kubitschek
NOVACAP Contest 3. Exclusive space for cultural
III. Plano Piloto activities, near residencies
Modernism 4. Separation of the circulation of
L.Costa’s Abstract vehicles and pedestrians
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
Accessibility
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/bsb_h1i.htm
 PLANO
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Lucio Costa Abstract
PILOTO
Topography & Climate
Culture – Presented a solution that evolved
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco &
from spontaneous thought process
Silva – Urbanistic theories of founding a city
Vargas & Kubitschek in the wilderness
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto
– AIMS of Plano Piloto:
• Ideal city, ideal society
Modernism • Symbol of Brazilian greatness
L.Costa’s Abstract
• Lead to the development of the central
City Form Basics
Sector Functions region of Brazil
Accessibility • Become the new center of Brazil
Satellite
Costa's Cities
Success
Conclusionand
Defeats
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
 Costa’s
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Costa’s Notes: 23, presents the
Notes
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
solution of Plano Piloto
Framework Bosco & • Notes 1-3
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek – Form: two axes crossing (one is
NOVACAP Contest curved); a plane; a bird in
III. Plano Piloto
flight
Modernism – Adapted: local topography,
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics natural drainage, best possible
Sector Functions orientation,
IV. Reality of Brasilia
Accessibility
Satellite
Costa's Cities – curved
Free principles highway
axis, radial artery.
Success
Conclusionand engineering:
Defeats
REFERENCE: elimination of intersections, the
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
 City Form
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Notes 1-2 – City
Basics
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
Form
Framework Bosco &
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto

Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
IV. Reality of Brasilia
Accessibility
Satellite
Costa's Cities
Success
Conclusionand
Defeats
REFERENCE:
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
Costa’s
• Notes 3 -
Notes
Highways

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele
Atlas
 Sector
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Notes 3-5
•Functions
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
Residential districts have been
Framework Bosco & placed along the curved axis
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
• civic and administrative center,
NOVACAP Contest recreation center, the municipal
III. Plano Piloto administration facilities, the
Modernism barracks, the storage and supply
L.Costa’s Abstract zones, small local industries sites,
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
and the railway station along the
Accessibility monumental axis.
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
 Sector
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• banking and commercial
Functions
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
districts fell alongside the
Framework Bosco & intersection of monumental
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
and back axes
NOVACAP Contest • location of the entertainment
III. Plano Piloto
center is along the intersection
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
of the monument and the
City Form Basics highway- residential axes
Sector Functions
Accessibility
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
Primary
• Curved Axis
Roads • Monumental
Axis
• Back Axis

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele
Atlas
Sector
• Residential
Functions • Administrativ
e
• Commercial
• Entertainment

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele
Atlas
Residential
Areas
Civic
centers
Administrativ
e
Administrativ
e
Civic
©panoramio
Commercia
l
 Building
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Plaza of Three Powers house
Hierarchy
Topography & Climate
Culture fundamental powers (equilateral
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco &
triangle):
Silva • Government & Supreme court
Vargas & Kubitschek
NOVACAP Contest
base of the triangle
III. Plano Piloto • Congress at the Apex
Modernism • Church at the center 、 given
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics
own square.
Sector Functions • Monumental Axis:
Accessibility
Costa's
Government and Municipal
Conclusion Plaza evident
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
Building
Hierarchy

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele
Atlas
 Landscapin
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
• Superblocks: surrounded by bands
gof greenery planted with trees
Topography & Climate
Culture
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco & • Strips of the Districts: Also
Silva planted with greenery
Vargas & Kubitschek
NOVACAP Contest • Park City: Filled with open areas,
III. Plano Piloto such as parks, squares, for
Modernism flower and vegetable gardens,
L.Costa’s Abstract orchards, Botanic garden
City Form Basics
Sector Functions • Cemetaries: end of residential
Accessibility highway axis
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
Vehicular
• Notes 6-7
Topography & Climate
Culture Circulation
– Secondary Roads: controls heavy
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco & vehicular traffic
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
– Traffic: controlled by roads
NOVACAP Contest that would either go on a platform,
III. Plano Piloto underground, or under the platform.
Modernism – Clover shaped Turn-offs:
L.Costa’s Abstract circulate in the different districts
City Form Basics
Sector Functions without creating an intersection
Accessibility
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
Vehicular
• Notes 6-7
Topography & Climate
Culture Circulation
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco &
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto

Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
Accessibility
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
OUTLINE
I. Introductio Pedestrian
•Circulation
n Location
Topography & Climate Independent Paths: local pathway
Culture
II. Conceptual
systems were created for each
Framework Bosco & district (residential, commercial,
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek
administrative districts)
NOVACAP Contest • Separated from vehicular
III. Plano Piloto
circulation
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
Accessibility
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities
http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
Railroad
System

REFERENCE:
http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/facts/metro.gif
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
Costa’s
• Airplane, Monumental
Topography & Climate
Culture Conclusion
Axis
II. Conceptual • Four Scales of scale
– Monumental Design:
Framework Bosco &
(symbolic)
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek – Residential
Gregarious scale
scale (social)
NOVACAP Contest – (comfortable)
Bucolic scale (park city, rustic)
III. Plano Piloto
• Dignity of a capital city:
Modernism – Esplanade, where the ministries and public
L.Costa’s Abstract buildings are located
City Form Basics – the bus station, where the two axis cross
Sector Functions
– the Cathedral
Accessibility
Costa's – the Plaza of Three Powers.
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
Costa’s
• Superblocks: uniform height of six
Topography & Climate
Culture Conclusion
stories, no high rises, and vast
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco & motorways
Silva
Vargas & Kubitschek • Ample parking, low population
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto
density, open green space for
people to enjoy
Modernism
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
Accessibility
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
Internal
Migration was not expected
Topography & Climate
Culture Migration
• South: Wealthy Migrants were offered
II. Conceptual jobs and homes to go the Brasilia
Framework Bosco &
Silva
• North East: Journeyman laborers and
Vargas & Kubitschek teachers, expecting to earn the minimum
NOVACAP Contest wage
III. Plano Piloto
• Goias: Young construction workers,
Modernism
accounting for 25% of all migrants
L.Costa’s Abstract • Goias: Unemployed, illiterate migrants,
City Form Basics with no skills or income
Sector Functions
Accessibility • Sao Paulo: Poor migrants of similar status
Costa's those above
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
SATELLITE
CITIES

REFERENCE: 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map

Link
SATELLITE
CITIES

REFERENCE:
http://www.aboutbrasilia.com/maps/satellite-cities.html
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
Brazilias
• Failures:
Topography & Climate
Culture Reality
– Debt: produced a debt of over 2
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco &
billion dollars, 1960s Massive inflation
Silva – Culturally Inappropriate: good ideas
Vargas & Kubitschek in theory, but in reality they could
NOVACAP Contest
never work; based on European
III. Plano Piloto
theories
Modernism – Unsocial: Ideal community was not
L.Costa’s Abstract
established, no multi-use places (only
City Form Basics
Sector Functions
home and work), no character
Accessibility – City for a car not for a pedestrian
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>
OUTLINE
I. Introductio
n Location
Brazilias
• Successes:
Topography & Climate
Culture Reality
– Symbolic: unified Brazil, source of
II. Conceptual
Framework Bosco &
hope and pride
Silva – Easy to build: sectors
Vargas & Kubitschek – Establish New Brazil:
NOVACAP Contest
III. Plano Piloto location connected the rest of the
country together (central location and
Modernism superb highwy network)
L.Costa’s Abstract
City Form Basics
– provided a growth center for Brazil to
Sector Functions expand westward and to tap it's vast
Accessibility interior resources.
Costa's
Conclusion
IV. Reality of Brasilia
REFERENCE:
Satellite Cities http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>