Multicast Segment Routing &

Traffic Engineering
Multicast and segment routing

Mankamana Mishra
Technical Leader
BRKMPL-2123

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 • Introduction
• Basic Segment routing
• mLDP
Agenda • mLDP with flex algorithm
• Tree SID and traffic engineering
• Standardization

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Introduction
• Segment routing is a technology that uses Source Routing to
forward packets through the network.
• A packet is forwarded from Segment to Segment based on
information carried in the packet.
• Due to adding more information in the packet, less state needs to
be maintained in the network and can potentially be simplified.

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SR Technology
Overview
Segment routing
Path expressed in the packet
• Source Routing
Data Segment1 Segment2 Segment3
• the source chooses a path and encodes it
in the packet header as an ordered list of
segments
• the rest of the network executes the
encoded instructions
• Segment: an identifier for any type of
instruction
• forwarding or service

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 Segment routing – forwarding plane

SR-MPLS
• Instantiation of SR on the MPLS data plane
• A segment is encoded with an MPLS label

Segment Routing
SRv6
• Instantiation of SR on the IPv6 data plane
• A segment is encoded with an IPv6 address

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 A rich set of segment types
GLOBAL segment representing an IGP prefix
IGP Prefix SID Forward packet along shortest-path (ECMP-aware) to reach the prefix associated with the segment

IGP Node SID An IGP-Prefix segment identifying a specific router (for example its loopback prefix)

IGP Anycast SID An IGP-Prefix segment assign to an IGP prefix advertised by multiple routers (anycast prefix)

IGP Adjacency LOCAL segment representing an IGP adjacency

SID Forward packet over the interface where the adjacency is formed

GLOBAL segment representing a BGP prefix

BGP Prefix SID Forward packet along best-path to reach the prefix associated with the segment

BGP Peering LOCAL segment representing a BGP neighbor

SID Forward packet over the interface where the neighbor is formed

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Traditional multicast options
• Deploying SR for unicast is orthogonal to solution used for Multicast.
• Nothing prevents existing protocols to continue to work, like:
• Ingress Replication (IR)
• PIM
• mLDP
• RSVP-TE
• In that sense, there is no requirement to change the Multicast deployment.
• However, if there is a technology that would benefit from being simplified and scale
improved, its Multicast 

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Simplifying multicast delivery
• SR architecture and its building blocks enhance existing multicast solutions
and allow for new ones
• Depending on the requirements, we can choose the best fit from options such
as:
Multicast strategy Computation SR-MPLS-Multicast SRv6-Multicast

Non Traffic Distributed mLDP PIMv6

engineering (shortest
path)
Traffic Engineering Distributed mLDP+Flex-Algo Work in Progress
(Controlled path)
Centralized TreeSID + PCE TreeSID + PCE
controller controller

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mLDP
mLDP introduction
• mLDP is a protocol that builds
• P2MP LSPs
• MP2MP LSPs

• Very often and preferred deployed for Multicast VPNs

• It’s a receiver driven tree building protocol like PIM.
• mLDP uses the LDP Transport to exchange Label Mappings.

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 mLDP signaling and packet forwarding
P2MP Tree MP2MP Tree
Root is ingress PE Root is any P or PE

PE1

Downstream Traffic
PE1
Downstream Traffic

Label Map

Upstream Traffic
P2MP Label Map Label Map
Root: PE1 MP2MP up
MP2MP down Root: PE1
Opaque Root: PE1 Opaque
Label Opaque
Label
Label Map Label
P2MP Label Map
Root: PE1 P2MP Label Map
Label Map
Opaque P Root: PE1
Opaque
MP2MP up
Root: PE1 MP2MP up
Label Root: PE1
Label Opaque P Opaque
Label
Label

PE3 PE2 PE3 Label Map Label Map PE2

MP2MP down MP2MP down
Root: PE1 Root: PE1
Opaque Opaque
TLV Label Label
FEC
multicast
traffic
Label Ideal for Default MDT
Data plane is still P2MP
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Multicast LDP with transport
differentiation using SR Flex-Algo
SR IGP Flex Algo
• Complements the SRTE solution by adding new Prefix-Segments with specific
optimization objective and constraints
• minimize igp-metric or delay or te-metric
• avoid SRLG or affinity

• Leverages the SRTE benefits of simplicity and automation

• Automated sub-50msec FRR (TILFA)
• On-Demand Policy (ODN)
• Automated Steering (AS)

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Flex-Algo participation advertisement
• Each node MUST advertise Flex-Algo(s)
that it is participating in

Algo128
1 2
Nodes 0 and 9 participate to Algo 0 and 128 and 129
Nodes 1/2/3/4 participate to Algo 0 and 128 0 4 3
Nodes 5/6/7/8 participate to Algo 0 and 129
5 6 9

8 7
Algo129

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Flex-Algo aware MLDP – highlights
MCAST Source
• MLDP-signaled Multicast Distribution
Trees built within the Flex-Algo
G1 B1 G2 B2
topology
• Value Proposition: G3 B3
• Multicast LDP with transport FA 128 FA 129
differentiation using SR Flex-Algo Green Plane Blue Plane
G4 B4
• Low latency routing
• Disjoint paths (multicast Live-Live) G5 B5 G6 B6
• Paths avoiding specific links G
Member
FA 128
Member
• Data sovereignty / region scope B FA 129

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Flex-Algo aware MLDP
• BGP MVPN discovery routes carry a P-MSI tunnel attribute (PTA) which
identifies the transport used for mVPN
• For MLDP transport, MLDP FEC is carried in the PTA. The Flex-Algo
instance value is stored in the PTA ID field.

IGP Algorithm (IPA) field = carries SR Flex algo instance ID

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Flex-Algo aware mLDP Cisco IOS-XR implementation
• mVPN profile 14 – Partitioned MDT mLDP P2MP with BGP-AD and BGP
c-mcast signaling.
• mVPNv4 / mVPNv6 overlay
• Partitioned and Data MDTs
• Granular mapping of (C-S,C-G) to a Partitioned MDT / DATA MDT bound
to a Flex-Algo instance
• PIM ASM, SSM, IGMPv2 and IGMPv3 as customer access protocols
• ECMP – A Flex-Algo topology may have ECMP and therefore multicast
flows are load balanced if multiple paths are available.

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mLDP signaling with Flex-Algo
Policy (S,G) use Algo
129

mVPN overlay route (S,G) 2

Allocated underlay tree, Algo 3

S1 5
1 2
) 1

0 4 3 PI
M
(S
,G
R1

S2 5 6 9 R2
6

8 7 4 R3

Alg129

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Tree SID
 Tree SID overview
• Tree-SID is a SDN controller-based approach to building P2MP trees in a SR
domain
• Cisco’s SR Path Computation Element (SR-PCE) acts as controller
• With the central knowledge at the SR-PCE, the tree can be built using
constraints.
• In this presentation we’ll focus on Trees using MPLS as data-plane.

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 SR Path Computation Element (SR-PCE)
SRTE Head-End Crosswork
Network Controller

Distributed Mode – SR-TE Head-End

Visibility is limited to its own IGP domain
Single / Native SR
Multi-Domain
NB API algorithms
Solution Topology
Multi-Domain SRTE Visibility
Centralized SR-PCE for Multi-Domain Topology view Topo
Compute
DB
Integration with Applications
North-bound APIs for topology/deployment
Collect Deploy
Delivers across the unified SR Fabric the SLA requested by the
PCEP
service IGP
BGP-LS

Benefits BGP

Simplicity and Automation Access Metro Core Metro Data Center

End-to-End network topology awareness
SLA-aware path computation across network domains 1 2 3 4
Aggregation

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SR Replication Segment - A segment for P2MP
delivery
• Replication segment allows node (Replication Node) to replicate packets to a set of
other nodes (Downstream Nodes) in a Segment Routing Domain
• A Replication segment is an MPLS label
• Replication segments provide building blocks for Point-to-Multipoint Service
delivery via SR Point-to-Multipoint (SR P2MP) policy
• A Replication segment can replicate packet to directly connected nodes or to
downstream nodes (without need for state on the transit routers)
• The use of one or more stitched Replication segments constructed for SR P2MP
Policy tree

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Tree-SID
SR-PCE is responsible for:
1. Learning the topology.
2. Learning the Root and Leaf’s of the Tree.
3. Computing the Tree.
4. Knowing the MPLS Labels it can use.
5. Having a mechanism to program the Forwarding state.

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SR-PCE – learning the topology
• A common mechanism to learn the topology is using BGP Link State (LS).
• Through BGP-LS, the controller sucks up the Link State database.
• Through the LS database, the controller can use any sort of algorithm (like Dijkstra)
to calculate paths.

SR-PCE

Source IGP
BGP-LS IGP R1
C
A B

IGP R2
R2
E
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SR-PCE – learning the tree
• SR-PCE also needs to know the Tree Root and End-points.
• This can be defined by an operator.
• Dynamically through a protocol, like BGP Auto Discovery (AD).

Operator
SR-PCE
PCEP
BGP-AD

Source BGP-AD
R1
C
A B

R2
R2
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SR-PCE – computing the tree
• With the central knowledge at the controller, the tree can be computed
according to different metrics and constraints.
• Optimization objective (metric)
• IGP / TE / Delay
• Affinity constraints

SR-PCE

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SR-PCE – MPLS label allocation
• The allocation and programming of the Label for each TreeSID is done by
the SR-PCE.
• The entire Tree can be seen as a Segment.
• All the routers in the network allocated the same Label range for TreeSID.
• The controller assigns the same Label for a Tree on all the routers.
• This means its well known and predictable.
• It makes it easier to manage and troubleshoot the network.
• Label range from the SR Local Block (SRLB).

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SR-PCE – MPLS label allocation

SR Replication segment label

Source R1
00
be l 15 C
La
Label 15000

A B La
be
l 15
00

R2
R2
E

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SR-PCE – programming the tree
• SR-PCE needs to program forwarding state on all the routers in the path of
the Tree.
• This is done via Path Computation Element Protocol (PCEP)

SR P2MP policy
Root = A
Leaf: C, E Operator
Tree SID label = 15000 SR-PCE

Source
PCEP
PCEP R1
C
A B

R2
R2
E
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Data forwarding
• Once SR-PCE programs whole tree, data will be encapsulated with
appropriate assigned label at ingress PE

Operator
SR-PCE

15000 Mcast

Source Mcast
Payload
Payload
R1
C

Mcast
A 15000
B
Mcast
Payload Payload
Mcast
Payload
15000
R2
R2
Mcast
Payload
E
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Tree-SID types
• Depending on how the Root and Leaves of a tree are learnt, the following
Tree-SID types exist:
• Static SR P2MP Policies
• User-defined root and leaves
• Dynamic SR P2MP Policies
• Dynamically learnt root and leaves

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Static SR P2MP policies
• Highlights:
• Static Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) trees to deliver Multi-point services in a SR
domain
• P2MP Provider tunnels (P-tunnels) instantiated via SR P2MP Policy computed by a
PCE
• Pre configured roots and leaf’s are required

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Dynamic SR P2MP policies
Mcast
Payload Src
• Highlights:
• Dynamic Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Ingress PE
SR
(Root)
trees to deliver Multi-point services in a
SR domain 15000
A PCE
SR P2MP policy
Root = A
Leaf: D, E
• P2MP Provider tunnels (P-tunnels) Mcast
Payload Tree SID label = 15000
instantiated via SR P2MP Policy
computed by a PCE
• BGP Auto-Discovery for Distributed B C
VPN end-point discovery and C- 15000
multicast flow mapping/signaling 15000 Mcast
15000
Payload
Mcast Mcast
• Use Case / Value Proposition: Payload Payload

• BGP-based Multicast VPN (MVPN)

without state in the core
Egress PE
(Leaf)
D 35
SR-MPLS E Egress PE
(Leaf)
Mcast
Recv Payload Recv
Mcast
Payload 1 2
15000 Tree SID MPLS
label
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Tree SID Use case
Disjoint Tree
 Tree-SID: 18000 Tree-SID: 19000
Root Node: PE1 Root Node: PE2
Leaf Node: {R1, R2, R3} SR-PCE
Leaf Node: {R1, R2, R3}
Affinity: exclude green, red Affinity: exclude blue, red

PCEP
R1

PE1 P1 PE3

R2
Source-1

PE2 P2 PE4

R3

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Tree SID Use case
Dynamic Min Latency Trees
 Tree-SID: 18000
Root Node: PE1
Leaf Node: {R1, R2, R3} SR-PCE
Affinity: Latency

Lat Metric = 10
Lat Metric = 20
R1
• “Performance Measurement”
PE1 P1 PE3 enabled on all links to
measure “Unidirectional min
Link Delay” metric
Lat Metric = 5 R2
• Latency metric advertised in
Source-1
IGPs
PE2 P2 PE4 • SR-PCE learns link latency
metric via
Lat Metric = 10 Lat Metric = 20 BGP-LS
R3

Lat Metric = 10

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Standardization
Ongoing efforts to standardize in IETF
• https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-wijnands-mpls-mldp-multi-topolog
y-04
- mLDP with flex algo
• https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-spring-sr-replication-segment-0
7
- SR Replication for multi-point Service Delivery
• https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-pim-sr-p2mp-policy – Segment
routing point to multipoint policy
• https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-pce-sr-p2mp-policy/ - PCEP
extensions for p2mp sr policy

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