CARDIAC OUTPUT MEASUREMENT

PREPARED BY
Mrs .R.PONNI
AP/ECE
 What is Cardiac output?
(How much blood does your heart pumps?)
• Cardiac output is the amount of blood delivered by
the heart to the Aorta per minute or amount of
blood ejected by the ventricles per minute.
•
 What is Cardiac output?

Heart rate= Number of Heart beats per

minute

Stroke Volume = Volume of blood pumped in

one beat.
SV= End Diastolic Volume – End Systolic
Volume
SHIELDING
 Cont ….
• The measurement of cardiac output is
necessary to study the various cardiac
disorders.
• The decrease in cardiac output is due to
1.Low blood pressure
2.Reduced tissue oxygenation
3.Poor renal function
4.Shock and acidosis
Methods to Measure Cardiac Output
1.Fick’s method
2.Indicator Dilution Method
3.Thermo Dilution Method
4.Measurement of cardiac
output by impedance change
 1.FICK’S METHOD
• CO can be calculated by continuously infusing
oxygen into the blood or removing it from the blood
and measuring the amount of oxygen in the blood
before and after its passage.
• I= CAQ – CVQ
I=Amount of infused or removed oxygen per unit
time
 Cont….
Q=Cardiac output in terms of litres/minute
CA= Concentration Of Oxygen In Arterial Blood (Outgoing)
CV= Concentration Of Oxygen In Venous Blood (Incoming)
 Indicator Dilution Method
• A known amount of dye or radioisotope is used as an indicator in the
blood circulation and then measuring the concentration of the
indicator with respect to time, we can estimate the volume flow of
the blood.
Indicator Dilution Method
Integrating over the time
Thermo Dilution Method
 Measurement of cardiac output by impedance change

• Four electrodes are placed, surrounding the thorax

• Let ρ =Resistivity of the patient
A = Cross Sectional area of the thorax
L = Separation length between the potential electrodes 2 and 3.
• The resistance of the thorax is given by
Measurement of cardiac output by impedance change