TWO DIMENSION

MOTION
 WHAT IS A PROJECTILE?
• ►The form of two-dimensional motion we will deal with is called projectile motion.
►An object may move in both the x and y directions simultaneously.

Assumptions of Projectile Motion

• 1. The free-fall acceleration is constant over the range of
motion.
• 2. It is directed downward.
• 3. It is reasonable as long as the range is small compared to the
radius of the Earth.
• 4. The effect of air friction is negligible
CASE 1: PROJECTILE THROWN
HORIZONTALLY
X RANGE (Horizontal
Distance)
Y HEIGHT (vertical
distance)
V Velocity

Vxi Initial velocity in the x

direction
Vxy Initial velocity in the y
direction

T Time in the air

 Range- X= Vxt T=

Height – Y= ½ gt2

Sample Problem 1: A ball rolls horizontally on a cliff at 25

𝑚/𝑠. It takes 12 seconds for it to hit the ground. (a) Calculate
the height of the cliff and (b) determine the horizontal distance
travelled by the ball
Sample Problem 2: A ball rolls of a cliff that is 250 m high.
Calculate the time it takes before it hits the ground
CASE 1I: PROJECTILE SHOT UPWARD

X RANGE (Horizontal
Distance)
Y HEIGHT (vertical
distance)
V Velocity

Vxi Initial velocity in the x

direction
Vxy Initial velocity in the y
direction

T Time in the air

For the Speed/ Velocity= 𝑉𝑥𝑖 = 𝑉 cos 𝜃 and 𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 𝑉 sin 𝜃

For The Height = Y = VyiT + ½ gt2

Sample Problem 1: A stone is thrown from the top of a

building upward at an angle of 30.0° to the horizontal
with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s. If the height of the
building is 45.0 m, (a) How long does it take the stone
to reach the ground?
(b) What is the speed of the stone just before it strikes
the ground?
CASE 1II: GENERAL x/R RANGE (Horizontal
APROACH Distance)
y/H HEIGHT (vertical
distance)
V Velocity

Vxi Initial HORIZONTAL

velocity in the x
direction
Vxy Initial VERTICAL
velocity in the y
direction

T Time in the air

Vy Final Velocity

θ Angle/ direction of the

projectile
 For the Range:

For the Time:

For the Height:

Sample Problem 6: A ball is kicked from the ground at a speed of 30

m/s at an angle of 30°. (a) Calculate the horizontal and vertical
velocity and acceleration components when the ball was kicked and
(b) when it reaches its maximum height.
CIRCULAR MOTION

• ►A circular motion is a • ►When a body is moving in a

movement of an object along the circular path with varying speed
circumference of a circle or its motion is called non – uniform
rotation along a circular path. circular motion
►When a body moves in a circle
with constant speed its motion is
called uniform circular motion.
COMPONENTS OF CIRCULAR MOTION

• (a) radial acceleration (𝒂𝒓 )

• ► A particle moving in a circle of radius r
with constant speed v is in uniform circular
motion.
• ► It undergoes a radial acceleration
because the direction of velocity changes in
time.
• ► In uniform circular motion, the
acceleration of the object along the radius,
directed towards the center is called the
radial acceleration
• (b) centripetal
• ► The magnitude of radial
acceleration is called the centripetal
acceleration.
• ► The angular velocity and the linear
velocity are related (v = ωr)
• ► The centripetal acceleration can
also be related to the angular velocity.
That is,
CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION AND ANGULAR
VELOCITY
SAMPLE PROBLEM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
 TOTAL ACCELERATION

• ►Two-component acceleration: • The total acceleration can be computed

using these components. That is:
the radial component of the
acceleration is due to changing
direction and the tangential
component of the acceleration is
due to changing speed.