HUMSS A

EARTH AND LIFE

SCIENCE 2.0

MR LAWRENCE ANDREW FRONDA

 At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to

1.explain the evolving concepts of life based on emerging

pieces of evidence.

2.describe how unifying themes (e.g., structure and function,

evolution, and ecosystem) in the study of life show the
connections among living things and how they interact
with each other and with their environment.
 CELL
The similar characteristics of cells allow scientist and
biologists to think that cells are descended from a common
ancestral cell or known as the last universal common
ancestor (LUCA).
Above) 3.5 billion year old lava.  Above) 3.5 billion year old sedimentary chert.
LIFE
Summary of Life on Earth
through time and origin of the
cellular domains
The early cell eventually became highly complex and diverse as what is seen and
known today.

Scientists found evidence that cells appeared on

01 Earth around 3.9 billion years ago. These early cells
are exclusively microbial.
Historical evidence shows that microorganisms are
02 said to be the earliest life-forms on Earth.

03 Over the period of times, the microbial cell

developed into a more complex organism. The
atmosphere during the first 3 billion years was rich
in nitrogen and carbon dioxide. It was anoxic
(deficient in oxygen) with limited gases present.
The early cell eventually became highly complex and diverse as what is seen and
known today.
Only microorganisms that were capable of
surviving in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic)
04 survived, including methanogens (methane-
producing organisms)

05 Organisms that were light-dependent survived as

they get bacteria were simple, while others are
anoxygenic (non-oxygen evolving phototrophs).

Oxygenic and oxygen-evolving phototrophs like

06 cyanobacteria evolved from anoxygenic
phototrophs which slowly oxygenated the
atmosphere.
 2.1
Life and Its
Remarkable
Beginnings
How life began?

Have you ever wondered how

life on Earth began? Where do
you think did the firs organisms
come from? When did they come
to life?
Life and Its Remarkable Beginnings

Palaeontologists Fossil
are scientists who Is a remnant or trace
collect, identify, and of a plant, an animal,
study pieces of evidence or other organism
about earlier life-forms that may have been
and try to determine how replaced by rock
these have evolved into material
the organisms of today
02
Animal and Plant
Cells
Enter a subtitle here if you need it
All forms of life share common characteristics. These characteristics of
life include the following:

Charateristics OTHER TERM

● the use of chemical ● (energy processing)
energy to help organisms
perform activities and
carry out chemical
reactions

● the ability of individuals

● (evolutionary adaptation)
to adapt to their
environment
All forms of life share common characteristics. These characteristics of
life include the following:

Charateristics OTHER TERM

● the consistent growth and ● (Growth and Delopment)
development controlled
by the inherited gene;

● the systematic and highly

● Level of Biological
ordered structure of
organisms; Organization)
All forms of life share common characteristics. These characteristics of
life include the following:

Charateristics OTHER TERM

● the ability of organisms ● (Regulation)
to control their internal
environment

● the ability of organisms

● (Respond to stimuli)
to respond to the
environmental stimuli;
All forms of life share common characteristics. These characteristics of
life include the following:

Charateristics OTHER TERM

● the ability of every ● (Reproduction)
organism to produce its
own kind
Level of Biological Organization
Unifying Themes of
Life
 GENETICS the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation.

• Genetics shows how the characteristics of the parents are transmitted to their offspring
through the reproductive process.

• Genetics is a unifying theme in biology because it allows humans to understand the

complexities of the existence of the life.

• The genetic variation of organisms are also the reason for the natural diversity between
and across species.

• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – molecular makeup of an organisms where

biological or genetic information and characteristics are passed on from one
generation to the next and ensures the existence of species.

• Each DNA sequence contains instructions to make a gene.

 1. Bacteria – most diverse and
Three domains of widespread prokaryote. 
life 2. Archaea – prokaryotes, or organisms
with no distinct nucleus and other
organelles, that often live in extreme
environment.

3. Eukarya – eukaryotic cells, or cells

with true nuclei and other organelles,
that include single-celled protists and
multicellular fungi, plants, and
animals.
 Evolution is the gradual change and development of a species or a
group of organisms that leads it to a more advanced form.

• The diversity of life can be explained through evolution. Fossil remains show the history of life and the
saga of a changing Earth through the evolution of organisms.
• Charles Darwin published the book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859

Darwin inferred the following:

 Individuals with traits suited to the environment are more likely to survive than less suited individuals.

 Survival for existence depends on the hereditary constitution of survivors, and that this is part of the process
of natural selection; and

 The process of natural selection from one generation to another will lead to a continuing gradual change
which may result in evolutionary adaptations or production of new species.
 the branch of science that explores the chemical processe
Biochemistry within and related to living organisms.

 The biochemical composition of organisms is essential in interacting with other organisms and their
environment.

 The chemical properties of organic (carbon-containing) molecules provide energy to drive cellular processes
and serve as building block for the photosynthesis of larger molecules.

 All organisms are made up of elements or combination of elements called compounds

Organisms are made up of matter that occupies space and has mass (weight). About 25 elements are essential to
organisms. Four of these elements make up about 96% of the weight of most organisms. These elements are
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

 The biochemical composition of an organism is important in its ability to adapt to its environment. Example:
Life firs evolved in water, and all organisms require water, when water is removed from the environment,
organisms will have difficulty surviving and reproducing.
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK

WHAT AM I?
The branch of biology that
studies heredity and
variation.

WHAT AM I?
It is the gradual change
and development of a
species or a group of
organisms that leads it to a
more advanced form.
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK

WHAT AM I?
These are prokaryotes, or
organisms with no distinct
nucleus and other
organelles, that often live
in extreme environment.
WHO AM I?
A scientists who collect,
identify, and study pieces
of evidence about earlier
life-forms and try to
determine how these have
evolved into the organisms
of today.
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK

WHAT AM I?
It supports all ecosystems (such
as a forest ecosystem, an
estuarine ecosystem, and a
desert ecosystem) that harbour
organisms and the environment
where they live.
WHAT AM I?
A molecular makeup of an
organisms where biological or
genetic information and
characteristics are passed on
from one generation to the next
and ensures the existence of
species.
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK

WHAT AM I?

These are layers of sheet-like

sedimentary rocks that were
created by layers upon layers of
WHAT AM I? cyanobacteria, single-celled
photosynthetic microbes
A remnant or trace of a plant, an
animal, or other organism that
may have been replaced by rock
material or left imprinted on a
sedimentary rock deposited in
riverbeds or on the ocean floor
 KNOWLEDGE CHECK

WHAT AM I?
It is made up of organs or a
group of tissues (group of
similar cell) and other
structures that perform a
WHAT AM I? specific function.
The branch of science that
explores the chemical processes
within and related to living
organisms
 Parts of the Animal Cell

Nucleus Mitochondria
Despite being red, it’s It’s the closest planet to
actually a cold place the Sun

Cytoplasm Membrane
Venus is the second Earth is the planet
planet from the Sun where we live on
 Parts of the Plant Cell

Nucleus Cell Wall

Despite being red, is It’s the closest planet to
actually a cold place the Sun

Mitochondria Membrane
Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest
planet from the Sun planet of them all

Cytoplasm Vacuole Chloroplast

Neptune is very far Earth is the planet Saturn is a gas giant
away from Earth where we live on and has rings
 Functions of the Cell Parts
Cell Structure Function (Job) Cell Structure Function (Job)

Mercury is the smallest It’s the biggest planet

Nucleus Cell Wall
planet in the Solar System

Venus is the second It’s now considered a

Cytoplasm Chloroplast
planet from the Sun dwarf planet

Despite being red, It’s located in the main

Cell Surface membrane Vacuole
Mars is cold asteroid belt

Saturn is a gas giant

Mitochondria
and has rings
 Cytoplasmic Organelles

55%
35% 75%

Golgi Liposomes Mitochondria

Venus is the second planet It’s the closest planet to Despite being red, Mars is
from the Sun the Sun and the smallest a cold place
 Main Cells Studies

Mars Venus Jupiter

Despite being red, it’s Venus is the second It’s the biggest planet
a cold place planet from the Sun of them all

Mercury Saturn Neptune

It’s the closest planet Saturn is a gas giant It’s the farthest planet
to the Sun and has rings from the Sun
 Materials Timetable

Objets 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00

Not used Used

 The Most Important Laboratories

Saturn Neptune
It’s a gas giant and It’s the farthest planet
has several rings from the Sun

Venus Mars
Venus is the second Mars is actually a
planet from the Sun very cold place
 Percentages

20% Mars
Mars is actually a
very cold place

80% Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
150,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 Studies Follow-ups
Study 1 Study 2 Study 3

Mercury Mars Neptune

It’s the closest planet Despite being red, It’s the farthest planet
to the Sun Mars is a cold place from the Sun

Venus Jupiter Saturn

It’s the second planet Jupiter is the biggest It’s composed of
from the Sun planet hydrogen & helium
 Studies Steps

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful
planet to the Sun name, but it’s hot

Mars Neptune
Despite being red, Mars is It’s the farthest planet
actually cold from the Sun
 Our Team

Jenna Doe Timmy Jimmy Susan Bones

You can talk a bit about You can talk a bit about You can talk a bit about
this person here this person here this person here
 Cells International Platform

You can replace the image on the screen

with your own work. Right-click on it and
then choose "Replace image" (in Google
Slides) or "Change Picture" (in PPT) so you
can add yours
Lab App

You can replace the image on the screen

with your own work. Right-click on it and
then choose "Replace image" (in Google
Slides) or "Change Picture" (in PPT) so you
can add yours
 Experts Chat

You can replace the image on the screen

with your own work. Right-click on it and
then choose "Replace image" (in Google
Slides) or "Change Picture" (in PPT) so you
can add yours
 Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
youremail@freepik.com
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including

icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik

Please keep this slide for attribution

Icon Pack: Biology
 Alternative Resources
Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other websites:

Photos
● Blue mix of paints on paper
● Art hand painted watercolor splash
● Blue and verdant paints in form of circle on white paper
● Researcher female in lab
● Hands holding plant in petri dish
● Close up scientist holding petri dish
 Alternative Resources

Hand drawn science education background

 Resources
Did you like the resources on this Vectors
template? Get them for free at our other
websites: ● Hand drawn science education backg
round
● Hand drawn minimal background
Photos
● Petri dishes in medical lab with drop Icons
per
● Close-up hand holding tube ● Icon Pack: Biology Lineal
● Abstract watercolor light green back
ground
 Instructions for use
In order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide.

You are allowed to:

- Modify this template.
- Use it for both personal and commercial projects.

You are not allowed to:

- Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content).
- Distribute Slidesgo Content unless it has been expressly authorized by Slidesgo.
- Include Slidesgo Content in an online or offline database or file.
- Offer Slidesgo templates (or modified versions of Slidesgo templates) for download.
- Acquire the copyright of Slidesgo Content.

For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
 Instructions for use (premium users)
In order to use this template, you must be a Premium user on Slidesgo.

You are allowed to:

● Modify this template.
● Use it for both personal and commercial purposes.
● Hide or delete the “Thanks” slide and the mention to Slidesgo in the credits.
● Share this template in an editable format with people who are not part of your team.

You are not allowed to:

● Sublicense, sell or rent this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template).
● Distribute this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template) or include it in a database or in
any other product or service that offers downloadable images, icons or presentations that may be subject to
distribution or resale.
● Use any of the elements that are part of this Slidesgo Template in an isolated and separated way from this
Template.
● Register any of the elements that are part of this template as a trademark or logo, or register it as a work in an
intellectual property registry or similar.

For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
 Fonts & colors used

This presentation has been made using the following fonts:

Fredoka One
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Fredoka+One)

Barlow
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Barlow)

#ead2c7 #f4eddc #a67c69 #7c5c4e

#edbbc7 #ffd678 #b7d6a3 #b4c8d1

 Storyset

Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick
the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost
your presentation. Check out How it Works.

Pana Amico Bro Rafiki Cuate

 Use our editable graphic resources...

You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color, just ungroup the resource
and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want.
Group the resource again when you’re done. You can also look for more infographics on Slidesgo.
 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

PHASE 1

Task 1

Task 2

PHASE 2

Task 1

Task 2

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL

PHASE
1

Task 1

Task 2
 ...and our sets of editable icons

You can resize these icons without losing quality.

You can change the stroke and fill color; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen.
In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension, allowing you to customize and add even more icons.
Educational Icons Medical Icons
Business Icons Teamwork Icons
Help & Support Icons Avatar Icons
Creative Process Icons Performing Arts Icons
Nature Icons
SEO & Marketing Icons