History

ICT
OF
BY:
BENIGA,CAMUTA,EDIANON,GELLIC
A,TAUTHO
Topics
TOPIC 1 TOPIC 3
Definition TOPIC 2 Computer
TOPIC 4
of Origin Generations Purpose
ICT of of
ICT ICT
What is ICT ?
-Stands for Information and
Communications Technology.
Information Technology- means the
use of hardware, software, services,
and supporting infrastructure to
manage and deliver information
using voice, data, and video.
Communication Technology- the
transfer of messages (information)
among people
-Information and/or machinestechnologies
and communication
through
(ICT) the use
is defined as of technology.
a diverse set of technological
tools and resources used to transmit, store,
create, share or exchange information.
Origin of ICT
• The term "information technology" evolved in the
1970s. Its basic concept, however, can be traced to the
World War II alliance of the military and industry in the
development of electronics, computers, and information
theory.
• Technology has reinvented the way people
communicate. Originally simple devices have
evolved into communication channels that create
connections worldwide.
• There are four main types of communication
technology that have contributed to the ease of
sending messages: telephone, radio, television,
• The father of information
and communication
technology is Claude
Elwood Shannon.

• First inventor of ICT- Konrad Zuse

built the Z1 computer in his parents'
living room between 1936 and 1938. It
was the first electro-mechanical binary
programmable computer, which is
fairly close to the way that modern
 4 Periods of
ICT
• PREMECHANICAL
PERIOD
• MECHANICAL PERIOD
• ELECTROMECHANICAL
PERIOD
 The Premechanical
The pre-mechanical period can be
Periodof years
traced back thousands
ago, around 3 000 BCE to 1 450
CE. During this time, humans,
started communicating with one
another in rocks. Then they started
to write symbols as substitutes for
pictures to depict ideas, objects,
and animals. These gave rise to
 Pictograph Ideographs
s A symbol that
represents an
idea or a thing

Petroglyph
s or
Are signs
simple figures Uses pictures and
carved in rock. symbols to convey
information about
the provided data.
 Cuneiform The
Phoenician

- Is one of the oldest -Created symbols that

forms of writing expressed single
known. Also used to syllables and
write stories, myths, consonants
The Mechanical Period
- The mechanical age can be defined
as the time between 1450 and 1840.
- During this time, the interest in
automating and speeding up numerical
calculations grew.
- The highlight of this period is the
advent of the mechanical calculator
called the Pascaline
Pascaline
Was invented by the famous mathematician inventor
Blaise Pascal along with Wilhelm Schickard. also
called Arithmetic Machine, The first calculator or
adding machine to be produced in any quantity and
actually used.
Blaise Pascal

Wilhelm
Schickard
 The Electromechanical
Period
-The electromechanical age can be defined as the
time between 1840 and 1940. These are the
-Several revolutionary
beginnings technologies were
of telecommunication
invented in this period such as the Morse code,
telephone, radio.
 Telegraph
The telegraph is considered the first
electrical communications device. It
was the first device to use electricity
to transmit information over an
electrical media.
First invented in 1837 by William
Cooke and Sir Charles Wheatstone,
the first working model used five
magnetic needles that could be
pointed around sets of letter and
numbers by using electric current.
 The Electronic
• Period
It started in the 1940's and continues up to
the present.
• The highlight of this period is focused on the
advent of solid-state devices or electronic
devices.
The four (4)
main events
found in this
period are
• The late vacuum tubes
period

• The transistors period

• The integrated circuits
period

• The computer
processors period
Computer
Classification of generations of
Generations
computers
 First Generation of
The main characteristics of first generation of
Computers
computers (1940s-1950s)
·Main electronic component – vacuum tube
·Main memory – magnetic drums and magnetic tapes
·Programming language – machine language
·Power – consume a lot of electricity and generate a lot of
heat.
·Speed and size – very slow and very large in size (often
taking up entire room).
·Input/output devices – punched cards and paper tape.
·Examples – ENIAC, UNIVAC1, IBM 650, IBM 701,
etc.
Examples –

ENIAC
IBM
6501

IBM
UNIVA 701
 Second Generation of
The main characteristics of first generation of
Computer
computers (1950s-1960s)
Main electronic component – transistor
·Memory – magnetic core and magnetic tape / disk
·Programming language – assembly language
·Power and size – low power consumption, generated less
heat, and smaller in size (in comparison with the first-
generation computers).
·Speed – improvement of speed and reliability (in
comparison with the first-generation computers).
·Input/output devices – punched cards and magnetic tape.
·Examples – IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC
Example
IBM
1401

UNIVAC
IBM 1107
7090
 Third Generation of
The main characteristics of first generation of
Computer
computers (1960s-1970s)
·Main electronic component – integrated circuits (ICs)
·Memory – large magnetic core, magnetic tape / disk
·Programming language – high level language
(FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal, COBOL, C, etc.)
·Size – smaller, cheaper, and more efficient than second
generation computers (they were called minicomputers).
·Speed – improvement of speed and reliability (in
comparison with the second-generation computers).
·Input / output devices – magnetic tape, keyboard,
monitor, printer, etc.
·Examples – IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, UNIVAC 1108,
Example
IBM PDP-11
360

UNIVA
IBM C
370 1108
 Fourth Generation of
Computer
The main characteristics of first generation
of computers
·Main electronic component – very large-scale integration (VLSI) and
microprocessor. (1970s-prsesent)
·VLSI– thousands of transistors on a single microchip.
·Memory – semiconductor memory (such as RAM, ROM, etc.)
o RAM (random-access memory) – a type of data storage (memory
element) used in computers that temporary stores of programs and data
(volatile: its contents are lost when the computer is turned off).
o ROM (read-only memory) – a type of data storage used in
computers that permanently stores data and programs (non-volatile: its
contents are retained even when the computer is turned off).
·Programming language – high level language (Python, C#, Java,
JavaScript, Rust, Kotlin, etc.).
·Size – smaller, cheaper and more efficient than third
generation computers.
·Speed – improvement of speed, accuracy, and
reliability (in comparison with the third-generation
computers).
·Input / output devices – keyboard, pointing devices,
optical scanning, monitor, printer, etc.
·Network – a group of two or more computer systems
linked together.
·Examples – IBM PC, STAR 1000, APPLE II, Apple
Macintosh, etc.
Example
IBM
APPL
PC
E II

Apple
STAR Macintosh
 Fifth Generation of
Computer
The main characteristics of first generation
of computers
·Main electronic component: based on artificial intelligence, uses the Ultr
Large-Scale Integration(Present and Future)
(ULSI) technology and parallel processing
method.
o ULSI – millions of transistors on a single microchip
o Parallel processing method – use two or more microprocessors to run
tasks simultaneously.
·Language – understand natural language (human language).
·Power – consume less power and generate less heat.
·Speed – remarkable improvement of speed, accuracy and reliability (in
comparison with the fourth-generation computers).
·Size – portable and small in size, and have a huge storage capacity.
·Input / output device – keyboard, monitor, mouse, trackpad (or touchpad
touchscreen, pen, speech input (recognize voice / speech), light scanner,
Example
DESK TABL
TOP ET

SMA
LAPT RT
Purpose of ICT
Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) in education is
the mode of education that uses
information and communications
technology to support, enhance,
and optimize the delivery of
information. Worldwide research
has shown that ICT can lead to
improved student learning and
better teaching methods.
Society
PurposeEducation
In ;
Information and Information and
Communication Communications
Technology (ICT) in Technology (ICT) can
education is the mode of impact student learning
education that uses when teachers are
information and digitally literate and
communications understand how to
technology to support, integrate it into
enhance, and optimize the curriculum. Schools use
delivery of information. a diverse set of ICT tools
Worldwide research has to communicate, create,
shown that ICT can lead disseminate, store, and
to improved student manage information.
learning and better
Conclusio
This amazing technology went from a
n
government/business-only technology to being
everywhere from people’s homes, work places,
to people’s pockets in less than 100 years.