GRADE 10 MUSIC

Quarter 2

Afro-Latin and
Popular Music
 Historical and Cultural Background of
AFRO- LATIN AND POPULAR MUSIC
African Music
 Singing, dancing, hand clapping, and
the beating of drums are essential to
many ceremonies : birth, death,
initiation, marriage and funerals.
 Important to religious expression and
political events.
 It has great influences on global music
 (contemporary American, Latin
American, and European styles)
 What do you observed about the
musical style and vocal style of
Africa in the different musical
elements?
 Tempo/ Rhythm
 Texture
 Melody
 Forms
 TYPES OF
AFRICAN MUSIC
 AFROBEAT
is a term used to
describe the fusion of
West African with
black American music.
 APALA (AKPALA)
Apala is a musical genre
from Nigeria in the Yoruba
tribal style to wake up the
worshippers after fasting
during the Muslim holy feast
of Ramadan.
Percussion instrumentation includes
the rattle (sekere), thumb piano
(agidigbo), bell
(agogo), and two or three talking
drums. Yoruba Apala Musicians
AXE
is a popular
musical genre
from Salvador,
Bahia, and Brazil.
It fuses the Afro-
Caribbean styles
of the marcha,
reggae, and
calypso
 JIT
Hard and fast
Zimbabwean
dance music
played on drums
with guitar
accompaniment.
 JIVE
Lively and
uninhibited
variation of
jitterbug
 JUJU
is a popular music
style from Nigeria
that relies on the
traditional Yoruba
rhythms, where the
instruments in Juju
are more Western in
origin
A drum kit, keyboard, pedal
steel guitar, and accordion are used
along with the traditional dun-dun
(talking drum or squeeze drum).
KWASSA KWASSA
is a dance style begun
in Zaire in the late
1980’s, popularized
by Kanda Bongo Man.
In this dance style,
the hips move back
and forth while the
arms move following
the hips
 LATIN
Click icon to add picture
AMERICAN
MUSIC
INFLUENCED BY
AFRICAN MUSIC
REGGAE
is a Jamaican sound
dominated by bass guitar and
drums. It refers to a
particular music style that
was strongly influenced by
traditional mento and calypso
music, as well as American
jazz, and rhythm and blues.
The most recognizable
musical elements of reggae
are its offbeat rhythm and
staccato chords.
 SALSA
Salsa music is Cuban,
Puerto Rican, and
Colombian dance music. It
comprises various musical
genres including the
Cuban son montuno,
guaracha, chachacha,
mambo and bolero.
 SAMBA
Samba is the basic underlying
rhythm that typifies most
Brazilian music. It is a lively and
rhythmical dance and music with
three steps to every bar, making
the Samba feel like a timed
dance. There is a set of dances—
rather than a single dance—that
define the Samba dancing scene
in Brazil. Thus, no one dance can
be claimed with certainty as the
“original” Samba style.
SOCA
Soca is a modern
Trinidadian and
Tobago pop music
combining “soul” and
“calypso” music.
 WERE
 Muslim music
performed often as a
wake-up call for early
breakfast and prayers
during Ramadan
celebration.
ZOUK
Fast, carnival-like
rhythmic music from the
Creole slang word for
“party” Originating in
the Carribean Islands of
Guadalupe and
Martinique.
Click icon to add picture

VOCAL FORMS
OF AFRICAN
MUSIC
 MARACATU
Surfaced in the African state
of Pernambuco, combining
the strong rhythms of
African percussion
instruments with Portugese
melodies. It uses mostly
percussion instruments such
as the alfaia, tarol, and
caixa-de-Guerra, gongue,
agbe, and miniero
BLUES
Musical form of the late
19th century that has had
deep roots in African-
American communities
( “Deep South” of the
United States). Slaves
used to sing as they
worked in the cotton
and vegetable fields.
SOUL
It combines elements of
African-American gospel
music, rhythm and blues,
and often jazz. The catchy
rhythms are accompanied
by handclaps and
extemporaneous body
moves which are among its
important features.(Ain’t No
Mountain High Enough, Ben, All
I Could Do is Cry, Soul to Soul,
and Becha by Golly,Wow)
SPIRITUAL
The term spiritual, normally
associated with a deeply religious
person, refers here to a Negro
spiritual, a song form by African
migrants to America who became
enslaved by its white communities.
This musical form became their
outlet to vent their loneliness and
anger, and is a result of the
interaction of music and religion
from Africa with that of America.
 CALL AND RESPONSE
The call and response method is
a succession of two distinct
musical phrases usually rendered
by different musicians, where the
second phrase acts as a direct
commentary on or response to the
first. Much like the question and
answer sequence in human
communication, it also forms a
strong resemblance to the verse-
chorus form in many vocal
compositions.
SUMMARY
 TYPES OF AFRICAN MUSIC
AFROBEAT
APALA (AKPALA)
AXE
JIT
JIVE
JUJU
KWASSAKWASSA
SUMMARY
 LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCED BY AFRICAN
MUSIC
REGGAE
SAMBA
SALSA
SOCA
WERE
ZOUK
SUMMARY
VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC
 MARACATU
 BLUES
 SOUL
 SPIRITUAL
 CALL AND RESPONSE
 MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS OF
AFRICA
 IDIOPHONES
These are percussion
instruments that are either
struck with a mallet or
against one another.
1.BALAFON
The balafon is a
West African
xylophone. It is a
pitched
percussion
instrument with
bars made from
logs or bamboo.
2. RATTLES Rattles are made of
Click icon to add picture seashells, tin, basketry,
animal hoofs, horn,
wood, metal bells,
cocoons, palm kernels, or
tortoise shells. These
rattling vessels may
range from single to
several objects that are
either joined or
suspended in such a way
as they hit each other.
3. AGOGO The agogo may
Click icon to add picture
be called “the
oldest samba
instrument based
on West African
Yoruba single or
double bells.
4. ATINGTING KON
Click icon to add picture These are slit gongs
used to
communicate
between villages.
They were carved
out of wood to
resemble ancestors
and had a “slit
opening” at the
bottom.
5. DRUMS ( SLIT OR LOG)
Click icon to add picture hollow percussion
instrument, although
known as a drum, it is
not a true drum. It is
usually carved or
constructed from
bamboo or wood
into a box with one or
more slits in the top.
6. DJEMBE
The West African
Click icon to add picture djembe (pronounced
zhem-bay) is one of the
best-known African
drums is. It is shaped
like a large goblet and
played with bare hands.
The body is carved
from a hollowed trunk
and is covered
in goat skin.
7. SHEKERE
The shekere is a
Click icon to add picture type of gourd and
shell megaphone
from West Africa,
consisting of a
dried gourd with
beads woven into
a net covering the
gourd.
8. RASP
a hand percussion
Click icon to add picture instrument whose
sound is produced
by scraping a group
of notched sticks
with another stick,
creating a series of
rattling effects.
 MEMBRANOPHONES
are instruments which have vibrating animal
membranes used in drums. Their shapes may be
conical, cylindrical, barrel, hour-glass, globular, or
kettle, and are played with sticks, hands, or a
combination of both. African drums are usually
carved from a single wooden log, and may also be
made from ceramics,
 Examples of these are found in the different localities:
 Entenga ( Ganda)

 Dundun (Yoruba)

 Atumpan (Akan)

 Ngoma (Shona)
1.BODY PERCUSSION
Click icon to add picture Africans frequently use
their bodies as musical
instruments. Aside from
their voices, where many
of them are superb
singers, the body also
serves as a drum as
people clap their hands,
slap their thighs, pound
their upper arms or chests,
or shuffle their feet.
2. TALKING DRUM
The talking drum is used
Click icon to add picture to send messages to
announce births, deaths,
marriages, sporting
events, dances, initiation,
or war.
Sometimes it may also
contain gossip or jokes. It
is believed that the drums
can carry direct messages
to the spirits after the
death of a
loved one.
 3. LAMELLAPHONE
 a set of plucked keys mounted on a
sound board, known by different names
according to the regions such as mbira,
karimba, kisaanj, likembe.
 CHORDOPHONES
Chordophones are
instruments which produce
sounds from the vibration of
strings. These include bows,
harps, lutes, zithers, and lyres
of various sizes.
1. MUSICAL BOW
Click icon to add picture The musical bow is
the ancestor of all
string instruments. It
is the oldest and one
of the most widely-
used string
instruments of Africa.
2. LUTE The lute, originating
Click icon to add picture from the Arabic states,
is shaped like the
modern guitar and
played in similar
fashion. It has a
resonating body, a
neck, and one or more
strings which stretch
across the length of its
body and
neck.
 The kora is Africa's
3. KORA most sophisticated
Click icon to add picture harp, while also
having features
similar to a lute. Its
body is made from a
gourd or calabash. A
support for the bridge
is set across the
opening and covered
with a skin that is held
in place with studs.
4. ZITHER
Click icon to add picture The zither is a
stringed
instrument with
varying sizes and
shapes whose
strings are
stretched along
its body.
5. ZEZE The zeze is an African
Click icon to add picture fiddle played with a bow,
a small wooden stick, or
plucked with the fingers.
It has one or two strings,
made of steel or bicycle
brake wire. It is from
Sub-Saharan Africa. It is
also known by the names
tzetze and dzendze,
 AEROPHONES
are instruments which are produced
initially by trapped vibrating air
columns or which enclose a body of
vibrating air. Flutes in various sizes
and shapes, horns, panpipes, whistle
types, gourd and shell megaphones,
oboe, clarinet, animal horn and
wooden trumpets fall under this
category.
1. FLUTES
Flutes are widely used
Click icon to add picture throughout Africa and
either vertical or side-
blown. They are
usually fashioned
from a single tube
closed at one end
and blown like a
bottle.
PANPIPES consist of cane pipes of
Click icon to add picturedifferent lengths tied in a
row or in a bundle held
together by wax or cord,
and generally closed at the
bottom. They are blown
across the top, each
providing a different note.
2. HORNS Horns and trumpets,
found almost everywhere in
Click icon to add picture Africa, are commonly made
from elephant tusks and
animal horns. With their
varied attractive shapes,
these instruments are end-
blown or side-blown and
range in size from the small
signal whistle of the
southern cattle herders to
the large ivory horns of the
tribal chiefs of the interior
3. REED PIPES
There are single-reed
Click icon to add picture pipes made from hollow
guinea corn or sorghum
stems, where the reed is
a flap partially cut from
the stem near one end. It
is the vibration of this
reed that causes the air
within the hollow
instrument to vibrate,
thus creating the sound.
4. WHISTLES Whistles found throughout
the continent may be made of
Click icon to add picture wood or other materials.
Short pieces of horn serve
as whistles, often with a short
tube inserted into the
mouthpiece. Clay can be
molded into whistles of many
shapes and forms and then
baked. Pottery whistles are
sometimes shaped in the form
of a head, similar to the Aztec
whistles of Central America
and Mexico.
5. TRUMPETS African trumpets are
Click icon to add picture made of wood, metal,
animal horns, elephant
tusks, and gourds with
skins from snakes,
zebras, leopards,
crocodiles and animal
hide as ornaments to
the instrument.
MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA
The music of Latin America is the
product of three major influences –
Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and
African. Sometimes called Latin
music, it includes the countries that
have had a colonial history from
Spain and Portugal, divided into the
following areas:
a. Andean region (a mountain system of
western South America along the Pacific
coast from Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego) –
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru,
and Venezuela
b. Central America – Belize, Costa Rica,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
and Panama
c. Carribean – Cuba, Dominican Republic,
Guadeloupe, Haiti, Martinique,
and Puerto Rico
d. Brazil
INDIGENOUS LATIN-AMERICAN MUSIC

Natives were found to be using

local drum and percussion
instruments such as the guiro,
maracas, and turtle shells, and
wind instruments such as zampona (
pan pipes) and quena (notched-end
flutes).
NATIVE AMERICAN/INDIAN MUSIC
Some of the Native American
music includes courtship songs,
dancing songs, and popular American
or Canadian tunes like Amazing
Grace, Dixie, Jambalaya, and Sugar
Time. Many songs celebrate themes
like harvest, planting season or other
important times of year.
AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

Vocal music was often deep

chested while instrumental music
greatly relied on resonant drums
and sympathetic buzzers to
produce rich sounds and
occasional loud volume levels to
reflect their intensity.
EURO-LATIN AMERICAN
Melodies of the Renaissance
period were used in Southern
Chile and the Colombian Pacific
coasts.
Step-wise melodies were
preferred in the heavily Hispanic
and Moorish-influenced areas of
Venezuela and Colombia.
MIXED AMERICAN MUSIC
The result of the massive
infusion of African culture also
brought about the introduction of
other music and dance forms such
as the Afro-Cuban rumba,
Jamaican reggae, Colombian
cumbia, and the Brazilian samba.
POPULAR LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
Latin America has produced a
number of musical genres and forms
that had been influenced by
European folk music, African
traditional music, and native sources.
Some of these Latin American
popular music forms are tango,
bossa nova, samba, son, and salsa.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF
LATIN AMERICA
TLAPITZALLI
The tlapitzalli is a
Click icon to add picture flute variety from
the Aztec culture
made of clay with
decorations of
abstract designs or
images of their
deities.
TEPONAZTLI The teponaztli is a
Click icon to add picture Mexican slit drum
hollowed out and carved
from a piece of
hardwood. It is then
decorated with designs in
relief or carved to
represent human figures
or animals to be used for
both religious and
recreational purposes.
CONCH
The conch is a wind
Click icon to add picture
instrument made from
a seashell usually of a
large sea snail. It is
prepared by cutting a
hole in its spine near
the apex, then blown
into as if it were a
trumpet.
RASP The rasp is a hand
Click icon to add picture
percussion instrument
whose sound is
produced by scraping
a group of notched
sticks with another
stick, creating a
series of rattling
effects.
HUEHUETI The huehueti is a
Click icon to add picture Mexican upright tubular
drum used by the
Aztecs and other
ancient civilizations. It
is made of wood opened
at the bottom and
standing on three legs
cut from the base, with
its stretched skin beaten
by the hand or a
wooden mallet.
WHISTLES Whistles are
Click icon to add picture instruments made of
natural elements such
as bone from animals.
The eagle-bone whistle
is the
most common whose
function is to help
symbolize the piece’s
purpose.
INCAN INSTRUMENTS
OCARINA
The ocarina was an
Click icon to add picture
ancient vessel flute
made of clay or
ceramic with four
to 12 finger holes
and a mouthpiece
that projected from
the body.
PANPIPES (ZAMPONAS)
Click icon to add picture The zamponas were
ancient instruments
tuned to different scalar
varieties, played by
blowing across the tube
top. Typical models were
either in pairs or as
several bamboo tubes of
different lengths tied
together to produce
graduated pitches of
sound.
ANDEAN INSTRUMENTS
PITUS
Click icon to add picture The pitus are
side-blown cane
flutes that are
played all year
round.
WOODEN TARKAS
Click icon to add picture The tarkas are
vertical duct flutes
with a mouthpiece
similar to that of a
recorder, used
during the rainy
season.
QUENAS
Click icon to add picture The quenas are
vertical cane flutes
with an end-notched
made from fragile
bamboo.
They are used during
the dry season.
CHARANGO The charango is a ten-
Click icon to add picture stringed Andean guitar
from Bolivia. It is the
size of a ukulele and a
smaller version of the
mandolin, imitating
the early guitar and
lute brought by
the Spaniards.
MARIACHI
The Mariachi is an extremely popular
band in Mexico whose original ensemble
consisted of violins, guitars, harp, and an
enormous guitarron (acoustic bass
guitar). Trumpets were later added,
replacing the harp. Mariachi music is
extremely passionate and romantic with
their blended harmonies and
characterized by catchy rhythms. Its
musicians are distinctly adorned with
wide-brimmed hats and silver buttons.
VOCAL AND DANCE
FORMS OF
LATINAMERICAN
MUSIC
1. CUMBIA
Originating in Panama and
Colombia, the cumbia became
a popular African courtship
dance with European and
African instrumentation and
characteristics.
2. TANGO
African origin meaning
“African Dance”/from the
Spanish word “Taner”
meaning to play. Foremost
Argentinian and Uruguayan
urban popular song and
dance
3. CHA CHA
The cha cha is a ballroom
dance the originated in Cuba in
1953, derived from the mambo.
4. RUMBA
The rumba popular recreational
dance of Afro-Cuban origin,
performed in a complex duple
meter pattern and tresillo,
5. BOSSA NOVA
Bossa nova contains themes centering
on love, women, longing, nature, and
youthfulness. Bossa nova emerged in the
1950’s when a slower, gentler version of
the samba became popular with the upper
and middle class sectors of society.
 A foremost figure of In the Philippine pop music scene,
Sitti Navarro is a singer who has
bossa nova is Antonio become known as the “Philippines’
Carlos Jobim, who Queen of Bossa Nova.” Some of her
became famous with his bossa nova songs include Para sa
Akin, Hey Look at the Sun, Lost in
song Desafinado (1957). Space, and Kung Di Rin Lang Ikaw.
6. REGGAE
The best-known proponent of reggae
music is Bob Marley, a Jamaican singer-
songwriter, musician, and guitarist. He
achieved international fame and acclaim
for songs such as: One Love, Three Little
Birds; No Woman, No Cry; Redemption
Song; and Stir It Up.
7. FOXTROT
Gave rise to other dances
such as the black bottom,
Charleston and shimmy. The
foxtrot is a 20th century social
dance that originated after 1910
in the USA. It was executed as
a one step, two step and
syncopated rhythmic pattern.
8. PASO DOBLE
“double step” is a
theatrical Spanish dance used
by the Spaniards in bullfights.
The dance is arrogant and
dignified with a duple meter,
march-like character
 JAZZ
It was an offshoot of the music of
African slaves who migrated to
America. As music is considered a
therapeutic outlet for human feelings,
the Africans used music to recall their
nostalgic past in their home country as
well as to voice out their sentiments on
their desperate condition at that time.
 RAGTIME
Ragtime is an American popular musical
style mainly for piano, originating in the
Afro- American communities in St. Louis
and New Orleans. Its style was said to be a
modification of the “marching mode”
made popular by John Philip Sousa, where
the effect is generated by an internally
syncopated melodic line pitted against a
rhythmically straightforward bass line.
 Jelly Roll Morton Scott Joplin, who
who was an also composed the
American ragtime popular Maple Leaf
and early jazz Rag, Solace, and The
pianist and Entertainer. Joplin is
also knows as the
composed Frog I
“King of Ragtime.”
More Rag.
 BIG BAND
The term ‘Big Band” refers to a large ensemble form
originating in the United States in the mid 1920’s closely
associated with the Swing Era with jazz elements.
A standard big band 17-piece instrumentation consists
of the following musical instruments percussion, brass,
and woodwind instruments: five saxophones (most often
two altos, two tenors, and one baritone), four trumpets,
four trombones (often including one bass trombone), and
a four-piece rhythm section (composed of drums,
acoustic bass or electric bass, piano and guitar). Some
big bands use additional instruments.
 BEBOP
Bebop or bop is a musical style of
modern jazz which is characterized by a
fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and
improvisation that emerged during World
War II. The speed of the harmony, melody,
and rhythm resulted in a heavy
performance where the instrumental sound
became more tense and free.
 JAZZ ROCK
Jazz rock is the music of 1960’s and
1970’s bands that inserted jazz elements
into rock music. A synonym for “jazz
fusion,” jazz rock is a mix of funk and
R&B (“rhythm and blues”) rhythms, where
the music used amplification and electronic
effects, complex time signatures, and
extended instrumental compositions with
lengthy improvisations in the jazz style.
 POPULAR MUSIC
From the standard songs and ballads
of the legendary Cole Porter, George
Gershwin, and Frank Sinatra to the
rock and roll craze of Elvis Presley and
the Beatles and the present day idols in
the alternative music and disco modes,
popular music is now shared by the
entire world.
BALLADS
The ballad originated as an expressive
folksong in narrative verse with text
dealing typically about love. The word is
derived both from the medieval French
“chanson balladee” and “ballade” which
refers to a dancing song. Used by poets
and composers since the 18th century, it
became a slow popular love song in the
19th century.
 TODAY, THE TERM BALLAD NOW REFERS TO A
LOVE SONG IN A SLIGHTLY POP OR ROCK STYLE,
WITH THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS.
 Blues Ballads - This is a fusion of Anglo-American
and Afro-American styles from the 19th century that
deals with the anti-heroes resisting authority.
 Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads - This is a blues
style built from a single verse of 16 bars ending on
the dominant or half-cadence, followed by a
refrain/chorus part of 16 or 32 bars in AABA form.
 Pop and Rock Ballads - A pop and rock ballad is an
emotional love song with suggestions of folk music,
as in the Beatles’ composition “The Ballad of John
and Yoko” and Billy Joel’s “The Ballad of Billy.”
STANDARDS
In music, the term “standard” is used to
denote the most popular and enduring songs
from a particular genre or style, such as those by
Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Rodgers and Hart.
Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo
with a relaxed mood. It also features highly
singable melodies within the range and technical
capacity of the everyday listener.
ROCK AND ROLL
Rock and roll was a hugely popular song form in
the United States during the late 1940’s to the 1950’s.
It combined Afro-American forms such as the blues,
jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with the Western
swing and country music. The lead instruments were
the piano and saxophone, but these were eventually
replaced by modern instruments.
DISCO
Disco music pertained to rock music that was
more danceable, thus leading to the
establishment of venues for public dancing also
called discos. The term originated from the
French word “discotheque” which means a
library for phonograph records.
POP MUSIC
Parallel with the disco era, other
pop music superstars continued to
emerge.
HIP HOP AND RAP
Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic
type of music that usually (but not always)
includes portions of rhytmically chanted words
called “rap.” In rapping, the artist speaks along
with an instrumental or synthesized beat. Hip
hop arose in the 1970s within the Afro-American
and Latino youth in the Bronx area of New York
City.
ALTERNATIVE MUSIC
Alternative music was an underground
independent form of music that arose in the 1980’s. It
became widely popular in the 1990’s as a way to defy
“mainstream” rock music. Thus, it was known for its
unconventional practices such as distorted guitar
sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes. It was
also characterized by high energy levels that bred new
styles such as new wave, punk rock, post-punk, indie
rock, gothic rock, jangle pop,
noise pop, C86, Madchester, Industrial Rock, and
Shoegazing. Examples of alternative music are You
Belong with Me, Shake It Off
PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC
Original PinoyMusic orOriginal
PhilippineMusic, or OPM for short. It was
originally used to refer only to Philippine pop
songs, particularly ballads, such as those popular
after the collapse of its predecessor, the Manila
Sound, in the late 1970s up until the present.
PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC
Pop music in the Philippines
started as an adaptation or
translation, if not complete
imitation, of Western hits.
 The start of the “Manila Sound” in the mid-1970s gave rise
to songs using a colloquial language called Taglish, a
combination of Tagalog and English. These Filipino lyrics sung to
pop melodies resulted in highly singable songs with
contemporary appeal.
 PHILIPPINE JAZZ
Philippine musicians have also been
inspired by jazz music. Among them are
jazz pianist and recording artist Boy
Katindig, who comes from the well-known
clan of musicians that includes jazz piano
legend Romy Katindig and saxophonist
Eddie Katindig. The Katindig family
pioneered Latin jazz in Manila.
 PHILIPPINE ALTERNATIVE
FOLK MUSIC
The Philippines also saw the rise of alternative folk
music which was different from the traditional and
popular form. This new form combined ethnic
instrumentation with electronic accompaniment, while
presenting themes or issues of society and the
environment. Some of the
Filipino composers who championed this style were
Joey Ayala, Grace Nono, and Edru Abraham of
Kontragapi (“Kontemporaryong Gamelan Pilipino”).
PHILIPPINE ROCK
The year 1973 saw the birth of Philippine or
“Pinoy” rock music which successfully merged
the rock beat with Filipino lyrics. This new
sound was introduced by the legendary Juan de
la Cruz Band (with their song Ang Himig Natin)
which had for its members Joey “Pepe” Smith,
Wally Gonzales, and the originator of Jeproks,
Mike Hanopol, who later became a major symbol
of Pinoy rock.
 PINOY RAP
In the Philippines, rap was also
made popular by such composers
and performers as Francis
Magalona (Mga Kababayan Ko
and Watawat) and Andrew E
(Humanap Ka ng Pangit).
 SUMMARY
From theater tunes to rock and roll, pop, standards,
hip hop, rap, and contemporary ballads—whether in
the West, in the Philippines, or anywhere else in the
world—these all provided a rich and diverse musical
background in the development of Philippine
contemporary music. The development of Philippine
music was also influenced by the history of the
country—from its pre-Spanish roots, through the
Spanish and American periods, up to the present. It
has since evolved to have its own rich and distinct
identity.
WHAT TO PERFORM
Group Activities
1. Class Singing Concert – live performance
a. Your teacher will divide the class into four groups.
b. Each group will be asked to draw lots to sing a song from one of the
following musical genres:
 For African Music - choose from Kumbaya, Waka Waka, or Mbube

 For Latin-American music - One Note Samba

 For Jazz - choose from Someone to Watch Over Me by Ella Fritzgerald

 or All That Jazz from the movie Chicago

 For Pop and OPM - choose your own song.

c. Decide among your group members which of you will sing, plan the
 choreography or movements to accompany the song, play a musical

 instrument, and record the group’s performance on video.

d. Learn your assigned song, using the lyrics on the following pages.
Practice it, with the choreography and accompaniment. Then, perform it
in class.
 Teacher’s Rating of the Performance
1. Musicianship (60%)
(musical elements, technique)
2. Presentation impact and showmanship
(20%)
3. Ensemble coordination and organization
(20%)
 PREPARE
FOR UNIT TEST