Rizal’s Life:

Continuation of
Higher
Education and
Life Abroad
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On May 3, 1882, Rizal, at the

age of 20, left the Philippines
for Spain. He reached
Barcelona on June 16, 1882.
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While in Barcelona, Rizal was able to write his essay El

Amor Patrio or “Love of Country”, published on
August 20, 1882 in Diaryong Tagalog under his pen
name Laong Laan
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EUROPE

Rizal then moved to

Madrid to enroll in
Medicine and Philosophy
and Letters at the
Universidad Central de
Madrid on November 3,
1882.
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He also took painting

and sculpting lessons at
the Academia de San
Fernando, and classes
in French, English, and
German at the Madrid
Ateneo.
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Added to this, he also enrolled in fencing class at the

schools of Sanz and Carbonell
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In June 1884, Rizal was awarded with the degree and

title of Licentiate in Medicine for passing the medical
examinations.

Rizal proceeded to enroll for a Doctorate in Medicine,

but the degree was not given to him due to the failure
to pay the fee required to defend his thesis.
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Rizal failed to pay because he was starting to feel the

struggles of his family back in Calamba due to the low
crop production brought by drought and locusts.

Rizal also took examination on Greek, Latin and

World History where he won first prize in Greek and a
grade of “excellent” in history.
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Rizal also obtained the degree Licenciado en Filosofia y

Letras (Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters) from the
Universidad Central de Madrid on June 19, 1885 with
the rating of sobrasaliente.

Between his studies, Rizal met with other Filipinos in

Madrid. The ilustrados formed the Circulo Hispano-
Filipino.
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In one of the gatherings in the house of Pedro Paterno

in Madrid on January 2, 1884, Rizal proposed the
writing of a novel about Philippine society.

Although it was supposed to be written as a group, only

Rizal contributed. It was in Madrid where Rizal wrote
the first half of Noli Me Tangere
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While in Madrid, Rizal was exposed to liberal ideas

through his interaction with the masons. He joined the
Masonry and became a Master Mason at the Lodge
Solidaridad on November 15, 1890.
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Rizal specialized in
ophthalmology and trained
under the leading
ophthalmologists in Europe
such as Dr. Louis de Weckert
of Paris for whom he worked
as an assistant from October
1885 to March 1886.
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Dr. Louis de Weckert of Paris

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In Germany, he worked
with expert
ophthalmologists Dr.
Javier Galezowsky and
Dr. Otto Becker in
Heidleberg in 1886, and
Dr. R. Schulzer and Dr.
Schweigger in 1887.
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It was in Berlin
where he finished
Noli Me Tangere
which was
published on
March 21, 1887
with the help of
Maximo Viola
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After 5 years in Europe, Rizal went home to Calamba

on August 8, 1887. When he returned, he spent time
with is family and opened a medical clinic. He came to
be known as Doctor Uliman as he was mistaken for a
German.

He did not stay long because he was targeted by the

friars who were portrayed negatively in his novel, Noli
Me Tangere.
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He did not stay long because he was targeted by the

friars who were portrayed negatively in his novel, Noli
Me Tangere.

Rizal left the country for the second time on February

16, 1888
 In his second trip, Rizal
became more active in the
Propaganda Movement with
his fellow ilustrados like
Marcelo H. del Pilar,
Graciano Lopez Jaena,
Antonio Luna, Mariano
Ponce, and Trinidad Pardo
de Tavera.
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The propaganda movement campaigned for reforms

such as:

(1) For the Philippines to become a province of Spain

so that native Filipinos would have equal rights
accorded to Spaniards;
(2) Representation of the Philippines in the Spanish
Cortes; and
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The propaganda movement campaigned for reforms

such as:

(3) Secularization of parishes

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Rizal was also busy writing articles and essays which

were published in the Propaganda Movement’s
newspaper, La Solidaridad. Among the works of Rizal is
his annotation of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas which showed that Filipinos had a
developed culture even before the arrival of the
Spaniards.
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Rizal also wrote Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos

(On the Indolence of Filipinos) published in 1890.

Another essay he wrote strongly called for reforms; it

was called Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años (The
Philippines A Century Hence) published in parts from
1889 to 1890
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By July 1891, Rizal completed

his second novel El
Filibusterismo while in Brussels.
This was published on
September 18, 1891 through the
help of Valentin Ventura.
Compared to Noli Me Tangere,
El Filibusterismo was more
radical
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In 1892, Rizal returned to the Philippines despite the

warnings of his family. He arrived in the Philippines on
June 26, 1892.

Upon arriving, he gathered his friends in Central

Luzon and encouraged them to join the La Liga
Filipina
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The La Liga Filipina was a socio-civic organization that

Rizal established on July 3, 1892.

A few days after the formation of the Liga, Rizal was

arrested and brought to Fort Santiago on July 6, 1892.
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Rizal was charged with bringing with him from Hong

Kong leaflets entitled Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars), a
satire against the rich Domincan friars and their
accumulation of wealth against their vow of poverty.

Despite Rizal’s protests and denial of possessing such

materials, Rizal was exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao