System Analysis and

Design
Introduction
 Introduction
• System: is a group of interrelated components that interact
with each other to achieve a desired results.

• Information System (IS): is an arrangement of people, data,

processes, and Information Technology that interact with each
other to collect, process, store, and provide as output the
information needed to support an organization.
 :Information Technology
• is a contemporary term that describes the combination of
computer technology (hardware, software) with
telecommunications technology (data, image, voice, network).
 :System Stakeholders
any person who has an interest in an existing or
proposed system, they may be technical people or non-
technical people.
• System Owner : is responsible for funding the
project of developing, operating, and maintaining the
IS.
 System Stakeholders
• System User : (customer) who will use or affected by an IS on
a regular basis: capturing, validating, entering, responding to,
storing and exchanging data and information

• System Analyst: a specialist who studies the problems and

needs of an organization to determine how people, data,
processes, and IT can best accomplish improvements for the
business.
 :System Stakeholders
• System Designer: a technical specialist who translates system
users’ business requirements and constraints into technical
solution: the design of database, input screens, output screen,
networks, software that will meet users’ requirements.

• System Builder: a technical specialist who constructs IS and

components based on the design specifications generated by
system designer.
 :System is formed of
• Data: raw facts about people, places, events and things that
are of importance in an organization, each fact by itself
relatively meaningless.

• Information: data that has been processed or reorganized into

a more meaningful form for someone, information is formed
from combinations of data that hopefully have meaning to the
recipient.
 :System is formed of
• Knowledge: data and information that are further refined
based on facts, truths, believes, judgments, experiences, and
expertise of the recipient, ideally information leads to wisdom.

• Business Process: tasks that respond to business events

(orders). Business process are the work, procedures, and rules,
required to complete the business tasks, independent of any
information technology used to automate or support them.
 : Problem Solving Approach
• identify the problem.
• analyze and understand the problem.
• identify solution requirements and expectations.
• identify alternative solutions and choose the best course of
action.
• design the chosen solution.
• implement the chosen solution.
• evaluate the results.
 :System development process
• set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables and
automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain
IS as software.
 System Initiation
• the initial planning for a project to define initial business
scope, goals, schedule, and budget. The output of this phase is
a problem statement and project plan that establish scope,
goals, schedule, and budget for solving the problem with a
technical solution.
 System Analysis
• the study of business problem domain to recommend
improvements and specify the business requirements and
priorities of the solution. The output of this phase is analysis
document that contains statement of system users’ business
requirements, expectations, and priorities for a solution to the
business problem.
 System Design
• the specification and construction of a technical computer-
based solution for the business requirements identified in the
system analysis. The output of this phase is Design Document
which is a blueprint and specification for a solution that fulfills
the business requirements.
 System Implementation
• the construction, installation, testing and delivery of a system
into production (day-to-day operations). The output of this
phase is the technical hardware and software solution for the
business problem according t the technical architecture and
specifications.
 System support and maintenance
• Information systems face a lifetime of support and continuous
improvement. A change made for system support is merely
another project, sometimes called maintenance or
enhancement project. These projects follow the exact same
problem-solving approach, but they require less effort and
budget.
?? Questions