CHAPTER FOUR

TORSION OF CIRCULAR SHAFTS

 INTRODUCTION
• Not all deformation is elongational or compressive.
• The concept of strain can be extended to inclined
shearing or distortional effects.
• The deformation of a circular cylinder rod by surface
tractions applied at the end forces can be studied
using basic concepts of continuum mechanics.
• The formulas for deformation and stresses in circular
cylinder of linear elastic material subjected to torsion
are developed .
• The state of stress in pure shear and state of strain are
analyzed.
Torsional Load
SIGN CONVENTION
SHAFT DEFORMATION
CONT…
DERIVATION OF TORSION FORMULA
SHEAR STRAIN
ANGLE OF TWIST
 EXAMPLE 1
• An aluminum shaft with a constant diameter
of 50 mm is loaded by torques applied to
gears attached to it as shown in Fig. below.
Using G = 28 GPa, determine the relative angle
of twist of gear D relative to gear A.
SOLUTION
 EXAMPLE 2
• A compound shaft consisting of a steel segment and
an aluminum segment is acted upon by two torques
as shown in Figure below. Determine the maximum
permissible value of T subject to the following
conditions: τst ≤ 83 MPa, τal ≤ 55 MPa, and the angle
of rotation of the free end is limited to 6°. For steel,
G = 83 GPa and for aluminum, G =28 GPa.
SOLUTION
Statically indeterminate shafts
CONT…
EXAMPLE
CONT…
Design of tranismission shafts
Cont…
example
Cont…
Exercise