ONE-TO-ONE AND

INVERSE
FUNCTIONS
General Mathematics
Objectives: At the end of this
lesson, the students must be
able to:
1.represent real life situations using one-to-one
functions;
2.represent an inverse function through its table of
values and graph;
3.determine the inverse of a one-to-one function;
4.find the domain and range of inverse functions;
and
5.solve problems involving inverse functions.
Definitions
The function f is one-to-one if any x 1; x2
in the domain of f; then f(x 1) ≠ f(x2).

That is the same y-value is never paired

with two different x-values.
Determine whether the given relation is a function.
If it is a function, determine whether it is one-to-
one.
1. The relation pairing an SSS member to his
or her SSS number.
Each SSS member assigned a unique SSS
number. Thus, the relation is a function.
Further, two different members cannot be assigned
the same SSS number. Thus, the function is one-to-
one.
Determine whether the given relation is a function.
If it is a function, determine whether it is one-to-
one.
2. The relation pairing a real number to its
square.
Each real number has a unique perfect square.
Thus, the relation is a function.
However, two different real numbers such as 2 and
-2 may have the same square. Thus, the function is
not one-to-one.
Determine whether the given relation is a function.
If it is a function, determine whether it is one-to-
one.
3. The relation pairing a person to his or her
citizenship.
The relation is not a function because a person
can have dual citizenship (i.e. citizenship is not
unique).
Determine whether the given relation is a function.
If it is a function, determine whether it is one-to-
one.
4. The relation pairing a distance d (in km) travelled
along a given jeepney route to the jeepney fare for
travelling that distance.
The relation is a function since each distance
travelled along a given jeepney route has an
official fare.
However, the function is not one-to-one because different distances (2, 3, 4
km) are charged the same rate (Php8.00).
Graphs of One-to-One Functions
One-to-One or Not?

NOT
Graphs of One-to-One Functions
One-to-One or Not?

ONE TO ONE
Graphs of One-to-One Functions
One-to-One or Not?

ONE TO ONE
Horizontal Line Test
A function is one-to-one if
each horizontal line does
not intersect the graph at
more than one point.
The Vertical and Horizontal Line Test
All functions satisfy the
vertical line test. All one-
to-one functions satisfy
both the vertical and
horizontal line tests.
Inverse of One-to-One Functions
Inverse of One-to-One Functions
Inverting Functions
If the x- and y-values of a one-to-one
function are interchanged, the result
is a function; but If the x- and y-
values of a function that is not one-
to-one are inverted, the result is no
longer a function.
Definition
Let f be a one-to-one function with
domain A and range B. Then the
inverse of f, denoted by f-1, is a
function with domain B and range A
defined by f-1(y)=x
A relationifreversing
and only theifprocess
f(x)=y for any y in B. by any function f(x) is
performed
called inverse of f(x).
A function has an inverse
if and only if it is one-to-
one.
Representations of
Inverse Functions
through table of values
and graph
Example: In the given function f(x)=2x+3, with an
inverse function of f (x)=(x-3)/2. Let us use the x-
−1

values to complete the table of values in y-values for

the f(x)=2x+3.
Thus, the table of values for f(x) = 2x + 3 is
presented below with its corresponding graph.
The graph of the function f(x) = 2x + 3 and its inverse f −1(x) =
(𝑥−3)/2 is symmetric about the line y = x as shown below
To find the inverse of a one-to-one function:
1. Write the function in the form y=f(x)
2. Interchange the x and y variables.
3. Solve for new y from the equation in
Step 2.
4. Change the new y with f (x)-1

if the inverse is a function.

Example:
1. Find the inverse of
f(x)=3x+1
What is f(f-1(x))?
Property of an inverse of a one-
to-one function
Given a one-to-one function f(x) and its
inverse f (x). Then, the following are true:
-1

a. The inverse of f (x) is f(x).

-1

b. f(f (x)) = x for all x in the domain of f .

-1 -1

c. f (f(x)) = x for all x in the domain of f.

-1
 Original Process Reverse process
1. x has been multiplied 1. subtract 1 from x (x – 1)
by 3 (3x)

2. 1 was added (3x + 1) 2. divide by 3 ()

f(x) = 3x + 1 f (x) =
−1
Example:
2. Find the inverse of g(x) = x – 2.
3

Original Process Reverse process

1. x has been cubed (x3) 1. add 2 from x ( x + 2)

2. 2 was subtracted (x3-2) 2. get the cube root ()

g(x) = x3 – 2 g−1(x) =
 Example:
3. If it exists, solve for the inverse of
𝑔(𝑥) =𝑥 –6𝑥–7.
2

Solution:
Recognize that g(x) is a quadratic function whose graph
is a parabola opening upward. It fails the horizontal line
test because it has x-values which correspond to the
same y-value. And since it is not a one-to-one function,
then its inverse is not a function. Simply put, it has no
inverse function.
Example:
3. If it exists, solve for the inverse of 𝑔(𝑥) =𝑥 –6𝑥–7.
2

Alternate Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑥 – 6𝑥 – 7 (change g(x) to y)
2

𝑥 = 𝑦 – 6𝑦 – 7 (interchange x and y)
2

𝑦 – 6𝑦 = 𝑥 + 7 (solve for y, APE)

2

𝑦 – 6𝑦 + 9 = 𝑥 + 7 + 9 (solve for y, by
2

completing the square, by APE)

(𝑦 − 3) = 𝑥 + 16 (solve for y, by factoring)
2

𝑦 − 3 = ±√(𝑥+16) (solve for y, by getting the square

root of both sides)
𝑦 = ±√(𝑥+16) + 3 (solve for y, by APE)
ASSIGNMENT:
Find f in each of the following then graph.
-1

1. f(x)=3x+2 4. f(x)=3-5x
2. f(x)=3x-1 5. f(x)=
3. f(x)=x+8
The Domain and
Range of Inverse
Functions
The Domain and Range of Inverse
Functions
1. Find the domain and range of the
inverse function f (x) =(x–1)
−1

3x.
Solution:
To find the domain and range of an inverse function, go
back to the original function and then interchange the
domain and range of the original function.
The Domain and Range of Inverse
Functions
2. Find the domain and range of
f(x) =3x + 12 and its inverse.
The Domain and Range of Inverse
Functions
3. Find the domain and range of
f(x) = √(x +2) and its inverse
 Solving Real-life
Problems Involving
Inverse Functions
The inverse function is a function that switches the
input and the output. But not all functions have inverse
functions. The reverse process performed by any
function f(x) is called inverse of f(x). It means that the
domain of the original function is the range of the
inverse function and that the range of the original
function is the domain of the inverse function.
 Example:
1. Andrew and his friend are playing a number-
guessing game. Andrew asks his friend to think a
positive number, then add four to the number. Next,
square the resulting number, and multiply the result by
3. Finally, divide the result by 2. If you are his friend
and you get a result of 54;

(a) write an inverse function that will give you the

original number and
(b) determine the original number.
 Example:
2. To convert from degrees Fahrenheit to
Kelvin, the function is k(t)= (t-32)+273.15,
where t is the temperature in Fahrenheit
(Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature). Find
the inverse function converting the
temperature in Kelvin to degrees Fahrenheit.
Thank you!