Valganciclo

vir
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 Overview of the Presentation
SUSMP Schedule
Describes the of the drug and
mechanism of drug role of
action interdisciplinary
Introduction
team
1 3 5

2 4 6
Pharmacokinetics of Use of Humanoid Counselling
the drug (ADME) for checking Consideration
response of drug
 Introduction of Drug
Valganciclovir is used
Valacyclovir to treat
(VCG) sold as cytomegalovirus
Valcyte and it is a infection in patients
"prodrug," which who have HIV/AIDS
means that it is not or Organ Transplant
effective on its (3)
own (1)

Just suppresses the

Transformed to
infection and so
Ganciclovir in the
frequently administered
body, which is
for a lengthy period of
effective against the
time with oral intake (3)
viral infections (2)
Pharmacokinetics of the Drug
Bioavailability and 60%
Absorption rate of
Valacyclovir
Distribution Volume 0.703 ± 0.134 L/kg
1 2 Distribution of the Drug 1–2%
based on lipophilicity and
protein binding

Metabolism of Valacyclovir Hydrolyzed to acyclovir by

3 4 liver enzymes

Elimination half-life 4 hours

Excretion Kidney

Table 1 showed that Pharmacokinetics of the Valganciclovir (4)

 Binding of the Drug and Mechanism of Drug
Action
Binding Affinity of Drug
A) Chemical Structure of VGC Binding constant for VGC to

01
B) 3D Structure of human HSA is 4.11 x 104 M-1,
serum albumin (HSG) resulting in a free energy shift
of -6.26 kcal/mol (5)

Mechanism of Drug
Action
• Ganciclovir quickly hydrolyzes into
active forms of ganciclovir (6).

02 • Presence of hepatic and intestinal

esterases (6).
• Active form of galancicovir is
VCG 60 % /
6% Galanciclovir
phosphorylated intracellularly,
producing galanciclovir triphosphate to
prevent viral DNA replication
 Dizziness, fatigue and temperature Pale face and skin
Humanoid
for analysing Irritation in Eyes Swelling in lips,
physiological
effects of the Swollen throat
Drug (7)
Itching, hives, skin infection

Respiratory depression
(shallow breathing, low
Nausea and vomiting respiration rate)

Numbness in hands

Urinary retention, Discomfort or a burning sensation

during urination
Common cold
symptoms
Seizures, Sensitive to pain

Swelling in ankles or feet Numbness in feet

 SUSMP schedule the Drug belongs in

Schedule 4
Drug belongs to the
Schedule 4 of the
Scump (9)

Prescription Only
Medicine
Substances that can only be used with the
permission of a licensed doctor and only
be bought from a pharmacy with a
Figure 1: Displaying the Schedule within which the
prescription (9)
poison is listed and the intended application of the
drug (8).
 Interdisciplinary Team Members for Drug
Prescription
Authoritative memebers
legalised by State or Territory
legislation (10)
Doctors, physicians and virologists
having legal certification from the
legal state (10)

Pharmacists can not give

Valganciclovir without legal
prescription (10)
 Counseling considerations
• Counselling process includes evaluating
the patient’s condition with the use of
Valganciclovir and encourage them to
stay strong
• Doctors should explain every aspect of
the medicine they prescribe, including
any side effects and how to deal with
them (11)
• Doctors need to clarify how often the
medicine should be taken and for how
long it should be used.
• Potential harmful consequences of the
higher dosage of medication have to be
described in detail (11).
• Instructions should also be provided
against the particular amount of the dose
that should be taken at the particular time
in order to ensure that patients take their
medicine at the appropriate time and in
the optimised number (12).
• Advisors should tell the patient to
contact with us right away if they notice
unusual bleeding or bruising, black,
tarry stools, blood in the urine or stools,
shortness of breath, or tiny red spots on
the skin (12)
• This medicine should be taken with food
to increase its absorption absorption
(11).
Conclusion
• Valganciclovir is an antiviral
drug with high bioavailability
• Prodrug meaning that it is not
effective in its own

• Active for a short time and

converted to the Ganciclovir
• Ganciclovir then react
against viral DNA
replication

• Lies in Schedule 4 and use

only with prescription
• Need proper counseling to
increase patinet immunityand
minimises its side effects.
 References
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Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agents in Dentistry. Plants, 10(10), p.2148.

2. Li, S., Shu, C., Wu, S., Xu, H. and Wang, Y., 2021. Population pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of ganciclovir in critically Ill children. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11, p.614164.

3. Rho, E., Näf, B., Müller, T.F., Wüthrich, R.P., Schachter, T. and von Moos, S., 2021. Use of letermovir‐valganciclovir combination as a step‐down treatment after foscarnet for ganciclovir‐
resistant CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients. Clinical Transplantation, 35(11), p.e14401.

4. Suganuma, E., Sakata, H., Adachi, N., Asanuma, S., Furuichi, M., Uejima, Y., Sato, S., Abe, T., Matsumoto, D., Takahashi, R. and Yamamoto, S., 2021. Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of
oral valganciclovir in patients with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 27(2), pp.185-191.

5. . Kausar, S., Said Khan, F., Ishaq Mujeeb Ur Rehman, M., Akram, M., Riaz, M., Rasool, G., Hamid Khan, A., Saleem, I., Shamim, S. and Malik, A., 2021. A review: Mechanism of action of
antiviral drugs. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 35, p.20587384211002621.

6. Sadowski, L.A., Upadhyay, R., Greeley, Z.W. and Margulies, B.J., 2021. Current drugs to treat infections with herpes simplex viruses-1 and-2. Viruses, 13(7), p.1228.

7. Yang, J. and Chew, E., 2021. A systematic review for service humanoid robotics model in hospitality. International Journal of Social Robotics, 13(6), pp.1397-1410.

8. Potaka, K.L., Freeman, R., Soo, D., Nguyen, N.A., Sim, T.F. and Moullin, J.C., 2022. Retrospective analysis of patterns of opioid overdose and interventions delivered at a tertiary hospital
emergency department: impact of COVID-19. BMC emergency medicine, 22(1), pp.1-10.

9. Krasowski. S., 2022. Poisons Standard February 2022. Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2022L00074 (Accessed: 14 September 2022).

10. Medick, S., 2022. Assessing staff knowledge of HCV and perceived barriers to treatment at an integrated substance use disorder clinic.

11. Cokley, J.A., Gidal, B.E., Keller, J.A., Vossler, D.G. and Reviewed and approved by the AES Treatments Committee and Council on Clinical Activities, 2022. PaxlovidTM Information From FDA
and Guidance for AES Members. Epilepsy Currents, 22(3), pp.201-204.

12. Edmonds, C., Carver, A., DeClercq, J., Choi, L., Peter, M., Schlendorf, K., Perri, R., Forbes, R.C. and Concepcion, B.P., 2022. Access to hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral therapy in hepatitis C-
positive donor to hepatitis C-negative recipient solid-organ transplantation in a real-world setting. The American Journal of Surgery, 223(5), pp.975-982.
Thank you!