ME-207 Thermodynamics-II

Entropy Problems
(Lecture # 07)
TEXT BOOK: CHAPTER 7

Instructor : Dr. Tariq Amin Khan

Learning Objectives
• Solved Examples
• Problem

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Problem

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Solved Examples
EXAMPLE 7–4
A piston–cylinder device initially contains 3 lbm of liquid water
at 20 psia and 70oF. The water is now heated at constant
pressure by the addition of 3450 Btu of heat. Determine the
entropy change of the water during this process.
Solved Examples
SOLUTION
State 1:
The initial state of water is given as:
P1 = 20 psia
T1 = 70oF
At 20 psia the saturated temperature of water is 227.92 oF. Hence,
the water is initially in compressed or subcooled state.
In the steam table (A-5E) given in the text book, data for 20 psia
are not available.

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Solved Examples
 Hence, by approximating the compressed liquid as a saturated
liquid at the given temperature, the properties at the initial state
are
At 70oF, s1 ≈ sf = 0.07459 Btu/lbm·R
h1 ≈ hf = 38.08 Btu/lbm
 At the final state, the pressure is still 20 psia, but we need one more
property to fix the state. This property is determined from the
energy balance,

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Solved Examples
Qin = ΔU if Wb = 0

since ΔU + Wb = ΔH for a constant-

pressure quasi-equilibrium process.
State 2:
P2 = 20 psia
h2 = 1188.1 Btu/lbm
At 20 psia, saturated h is 1156.2 Btu/lbm. As h2 > hsat, hence it is
superheated. From superheated steam table A-6E at 20 psia, h2 lies
between 1181.9 and 1201.1 Btu/lbm so s2 lies between 1.7679 and
1.7933 Btu/lbm.R
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Solved Examples
By interpolation

s2 = 1.7761 Btu/lbm·R

Therefore, the entropy change of water during this process is

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Problem
Problem 7–31E
2-lbm of water at 300 psia fill a weighted piston cylinder device
whose volume is 2.5 ft3. The water is then heated at constant
pressure until the temperature reaches 500oF. Determine the
resulting change in the water’s total entropy.

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Problem
Solution
The initial specific volume is
ft3/lbm

State 1:
At 300 psia, from saturated steam table A-5E
vf < v1 < vg.
Hence, initial vapour quality need to be find out.
𝑣 1 −𝑣 𝑓 ( 1.25− 0.0189 ) 𝑓𝑡 3/ 𝑙𝑏 𝑚
𝑥1 = =
𝑣 𝑓𝑔 (1.5435 − 0.0189 ) 𝑓𝑡 3/ 𝑙𝑏 𝑚
x1 = 0.8075
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Problem
Hence, s1 = sf + x1sfg

s1 = 0.58818 + (0.8075)(0.92289) = 1.3334 Btu/lbm.R

State 2:

At p2 = p1 = 300 psia
T2 = 500 oF
As T2 > Tsat at 300 psia, the final state is superheated vapor
 From superheated steam table, A-6E
s2 = 1.5706 Btu/lbm.R

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Problem
 Hence, the change in total entropy is

ΔS = m(s2 – s1)

ΔS =(2)(1.5706 - 1.3334) = 0.4744Btu/lbm. R

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Practice problems
 Cengel, 9th ed.
Example 7.3, 7.12
Pb- 7.17, 7.18E, 7.21, 7.24
Pb- 7.30 to 7.33, 7.36, 7.39
Pb- 7.74, 7.75, 7.76E, 7.79, 7.83E

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Conclusion

 Problems are discussed related to entropy changes are solved.

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