ME-207 Thermodynamics-II

Actual Brayton Cycle And Brayton Cycle With

Regeneration
(Lecture # 23)

TEXT BOOK: CHAPTER 9 (9.8, 9.9)

Ref Book :Ch 9 Sec 9.7 of Ref-1
Learning Objectives
 Actual Gas-Turbine Cycles
 Isentropic Efficiencies
 Brayton Cycle With Regeneration
 Effectiveness of the Regenerator
 Thermal Efficiency of Brayton Cycle with Regenerator

Slide 3
Actual Gas-Turbine Cycles
 The actual gas-turbine cycle differs from the ideal Brayton
cycle on several accounts
 Some pressure drop during the heat-addition and heat-
rejection processes is inevitable
 The actual work input to the compressor is more, and the
actual work output from the turbine is less because of
irreversibilities
 Isentropic efficiencies of the turbine and compressor are
defined to represent these irreversibilities.

Slide 4
Actual Gas-Turbine Cycles
 Isentropic Efficiency of
Compressor:

 Isentropic Efficiency of
Turbine:

Slide 5
Development of Gas Turbines
 The gas turbine has experienced phenomenal progress and
growth since its first successful development in the 1930s
 The efforts to improve the cycle efficiency concentrated in
three areas:
1. Increasing the turbine inlet (or firing) temperatures
2. Increasing the efficiencies of turbomachinery components
3. Adding modifications to the basic cycle

Slide 6
Brayton Cycle with Regeneration
 Usually, temperature at the turbine exit is considerably higher
than the temperature of the air leaving the compressor.

 Therefore, a regenerator or a recuperator can be installed.

 The thermal efficiency of the Brayton cycle increases as a

result of regeneration since the portion of energy of the
exhaust gases that is normally rejected to the surroundings is
now used to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber

Slide 7
Brayton Cycle with Regeneration

Slide 8
Brayton Cycle with Regeneration

Slide 9
Brayton Cycle with Regeneration
 The highest temperature occurring within the regenerator is T4,
the temperature of the exhaust gases leaving the turbine and
entering the regenerator
 Under no conditions can the air be preheated in the regenerator
to a temperature above this value
 Air normally leaves the regenerator at a lower temperature, T5
 In the limiting (ideal) case, the air exits the regenerator at the
inlet temperature of the exhaust gases T4

Slide 10
Regenerator Effectiveness
 The extent to which a regenerator approaches an ideal
regenerator is called its effectiveness (Є):

Slide 11
Brayton Cycle with Regeneration
 When the cold-air-standard assumptions are utilized:

 Under the cold-air-standard assumptions, the thermal

efficiency of an ideal Brayton cycle with 100 percent effective
regeneration is:

Slide 12
Cycle Thermal Efficiency

Assuming Є = 100%

Slide 13
Cycle Thermal Efficiency

Slide 14
Brayton Cycle with Regeneration

Slide 15
Conclusion
 The actual work input to the compressor is more, and the actual
work output from the turbine is less because of irreversibilities
 The thermal efficiency of the Brayton cycle increases as a
result of regeneration
 The extent to which a regenerator approaches an ideal
regenerator is called its effectiveness (Є)
 Regeneration is most effective at lower pressure ratios and low
minimum-to-maximum temperature ratios

Slide 16