SKIT/MED/VII SEM/TE LAB – II/EX.

14

Experiment No. 14

Gas Turbine Plant

Page 1 of 4
 SKIT/MED/VII SEM/TE LAB – II/EX. 14

Experiment No. 12

OBJECTIVE: To study of gas turbine plant.

OBJECTIVES:

1. Study about the basics of gas power plant.

2. Study about the brayton cycle and methods to improve efficiency power plant.

THEORY:

The gas turbine plant essentially consists of compressor, combustion chamber and turbine. The air
is compressed in a compressor and the fuel is burned in the combustion chamber when the
compressed air is supplied from the compressor.

Fig.: Schematic diagram of Gas Turbine Power plant

The burned high temperature gases are passed through the turbine. The part of the work developed
by the gases passing through the turbine is used to rum the compressor and remaining (30-35%) is
used to generate the electrical energy. When the heat given to the air by mixing and burning the
fuel in the air and the gases coming out of the turbine are exhausted to the atmosphere, the cycle
is known as open cycle power plant. If the heat to the working medium (air or any other suitable

Page 2 of 4
 SKIT/MED/VII SEM/TE LAB – II/EX. 14

gas) is given without directly burning the fuel in the air and the same working fluid is used again
and again, the cycle is known as closed cycle power plant.
On the basis of combustion process the gas turbines are classified as
a. Continuous combustion or constant pressure type. The cycle working on this principle is
called as Joule or Brayton cycle.
b. The explosion or constant volume type. The cycle working on this principle is known as
Atkinson cycle.

Fig.: Open cycle gas turbine with Joule Brayton cycle

Fig.: Closed Cycle gas turbine

Methods of improving efficiency and specific output of Gas Turbine Plant:-

1. Regeneration:- This is done by preheating the air with the turbine exhaust which saves the
fuel consumption.

Page 3 of 4
 SKIT/MED/VII SEM/TE LAB – II/EX. 14

2. Improving turbine output by Reheating- The whole expansion in turbine is achieved in two
or more stages and reheating is done after each stage. Increasing the value of maximum
cycle temperature means turbine inlet temperature which requires
 Better quality of fuel
 New materials which can withstand high temperatures and pressures.
 Better blade cooling methods and cooling medium.
3. Improved turbine efficiency:- It depends on design improvements of each component.
Reducing compressor input. It may be done by
 Intercooling. Compressor work is reduced by intercooling the air between
compressor stages.
 By lowering the inlet temperature to compressor. It is not possible because this will
increase the pressure ratio.
 By increasing the compressor efficiency. This depends upon the design
improvement.
 Water injection.

QUESTIONS:
1. Classify different types of gas turbines and their applications.
2. Explain working of simple open and closed gas turbine cycle.
3. Give the reasons that why actual Brayton cycle differs from the theoretical cycle.
4. Plot the various charts of following and explain the same
 Effect of regeneration, intercooling and reheating on efficiency.
 Effect of operating variable on thermal efficiency.
 Effect of operating variables on air rate.
 Effect of operating variables on work ratio.
 Water injection system.

Results:

Page 4 of 4