Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3 hours duration
NOTES:
1. If doubt exists as to the interpretation of any question, the candidate is urged to submit
with the answer paper, a clear statement of any assumptions made.
5. The first five questions as they appear in the answer book will be marked.
6. All questions are of equal value unless otherwise stated and all parts in a multipart
question have equal weight.
7. Clarity and organization of your answers are important, clearly explain your logic.
8. Pay close attention to units, some questions involve oilfield units, and these should be
answered in the field units. Questions that are set in other units should be answered in the
corresponding units.
Page 1 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
An oil well is producing at a constant rate of 500 STBD in an infinite reservoir. The seismic
survey indicates a sealing fault at 25 ft of the well. Calculate the wellbore pressure after 5 days.
Sealing Fault
~--s
ell
Page 2 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
300 -
250
200
150
100
50
0
1 10 100
Page 3 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
1.E+09
,-.
a
U
N
N
~ 1.E+08
v
nn
c~
t
U
Q1
L
1.E+07
a
L
a
0
-~
a,
a 1. E+06
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
~t
Page 4 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
6.0E+08
5.0E+08
.,
u
N
CO
Q, 4.0E+08
.~
a~
L
~, 3.0E+08
L
a
0
m 2.0E+08
ca,
a
1.0E+08
0.0E+00
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
(0t+tp)/0t
A pressure build up has been conducted in an oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir. Pressure
and derivative data are plotted in the following. Given the following formation and fluid
properties estimate skin factor, initial reservoir pressure, and storativity (cu) from the buildup test
data.
Page 5 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
1000
~/ ,1~ ..
.~~
~
...•.
~~~~s~~
~~1~-n~~~~~iri.~
J. 1 ~M
~~g~~:»~~~~~maaa~~m~m~m
~~Ziiii~~i~!iiiA
~ni ~~i~i~i
I1
~
~
~~ ~~~~~
1/1 ~~~~il ~r~~~I11~~r/~~1 ~ ■X11 ~~
~~t~llll~~~~//1~ ~~ 111 iN
~~~~~~i~l~i~~~~~ i I~ m~°
!il ■ UI
Q~
~ 10 ~~~~G~i' ui
~i~ _~
{' a~.. ~~r
~iw ~ ~ ~~~s
~r~,p~ pr ~~~~N_~i
# ~
1"1
~~~i~
~~l #~1~11~1~~i~~■Ii1~~~I~~tl
1
~ ■ ~O
~~~~~~1
~~~H~
~~~~~/~ ~~f~~i~ j 11/~~~1~~~~/l~il ~~~
0.1
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Equivalent time
550
530
510
490 ~Q
470
450 ~'
a
430 •~
410 s
vi
390
370
350
1000000 100000 10000 1000 100 10 1
10000000
Page 6 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
Pressure and derivative plots for a drawdown test in a hydraulically fractured well are show in
the following. Given the reservoir and fluid properties estimate fracture half-length and skin
factor for this oil well. Assume an infinite conductivity hydraulic fracture. Required plots and
chart are given in the following.
ISII 11~
a
'~
c~
'~ 1000
'Q 100
a
a,o
t
10
a,
L
°' 1
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Time (hours)
Page 7 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
3500
~• ~ ~~ ~~~
3300
■ •
3100 ~.: C 3~ :"
A two-rate flow test has been conducted on a recently completed well in an undersaturated oil
infinite acting reservoir. The well is produced at 25 STBD for 24 hours. The rate is then
increased to 50 STBD for 72 hours. A flowing bottom hole wellbore pressure of 1000 psia has
been recorded at the end of the second flow period (i.e., total test period of 96 hours).
The test was interpreted by a fellow reservoir engineer and a formation permeability of 162.6
mD and a skin factor of 2 have been estimated. Calculate the initial reservoir pressure. Required
plot for calculations is given in the following.
Page 8 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
10
~-. 1
Q
d-
~
..--~ ~.~
w
~ 0.~1
Q
0.001
0.0001
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
tD
Page 9 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
Formula Sheet
162.6gccBo
Slope of semi-log straight line, psi/cycle: m =
kh
Skin factor for drawdown test: S =1.151 p' p~lh~~ —log k + 3.23
~m~ ~,~~w
d~~ _ — 0.2~3~B° ,
Pseudo steady state equations: (psi/hr)
P
0.0744R'Bot
r t~ + R',~~ ln-e — 3 + S
~(,"' — p' ~c~heZ 0.00708kh rw 4
tp +0t
Horner time ratio:
Ot
0.000148k~t
Distance to fault, ft: L =
~~~
3'8 x 105 ~,uc,L2
The approximate time required for the slope to double, hr Ot -
k
qu o 0.0002637k rat
P~r' t~ = p' — 0.00708kh pD' ~ ~~~ ~° r Z
pD = ~ ~lnto + 0.809 only if tD>100, for tD <100 use the provide pD graph.
Page 10 of 11
98-Pet-B5, May 2015
o.s
4.064gBo
mh~ ~~
Nomenclature
~ Porosity fraction
~ Oil viscosity cP
'7 Hydraulic diffusivity ft2/Y►r
Subscripts
D dimensionless
e external Conversion Factors
f fracture 1 m' = 6.28981 bbl =35.3147 ft3
i initial lacre = 43560 ftZ
0 oil lac-ft = 7758 bbl
1Darcy = 9.869233x10-13 m2
p production
1 atm =14.6959488 psi =101.32500 kPa=1.01325 bar
t total 1 cP = 0.001 Pa-sec
w wellbore 1 m = 3.28084 ft = 39.3701 inch
Page 11 of 11