Elements

 Science has come

along way since
Aristotle’s theory of Air,
Water, Fire, and Earth.
 Scientists have
identified 92 Natural
elements, and created
about 28 others.
Elements
The elements, alone or in
combinations, make
up our bodies, our
world, our sun, and in
fact, the entire
universe.
The most abundant element in the earth’s
crust is oxygen.
Metals
 Properties of Metals
Metals appear to the left of the dark ziz-zag line on the
periodic table. Most metals are solid at room
temperature.
 Properties of Metals
Metals have luster.
This means they are
shiny
 Properties of Metals
Ductile
metals can be drawn
into wire.
Properties of Metals
Malleable
metals can be
hammered into
sheets
 Properties of Metals

Metals have a high melting point. They are also

very dense.
 Properties of Metals
Conductors
Metals are good
conductors of
electricity and
heat
When you leave a spoon in a cup of hot drink, the bit poking out
of the drink gets hot. Why? Conduction!

METALS are the best conductors of heat.

This is because the electrons in metals move more freely than in non-
metals, allowing the heat energy to travel across the metal.
For example, when the spoon touches the hot drink, the heat from the
drink excites the electrons in the metal, and the electrons transfer the
energy from one electron to another, carrying the heat all the way up
the spoon quickly.

Best conductors:
silver and copper
 Physical Properties of METALS

Metals are good conductors of electricity.

Copper, silver, and gold are good electrical
conductors. In a conductor, electric current can
flow freely. Since metals have free electrons, they
can carry a charge easily.

Copper Wiring
 Properties of Metals
A chemical property of
metal is its reaction
with water and
oxygen. This results
in corrosion and
rust.
Nonmetals
 Properties of Nonmetals

Nonmetals occur to the right of the dark zig-zag on the

periodic table. Although Hydrogen is in family 1, it is also a
nonmetal. Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
Properties of Nonmetals

Nonmetals do not
have luster; they
are dull.
 Properties of Nonmetals
Brittle
Nonmetals are brittle
so they break
easily. This means
nonmetals ARE
NOT ductile or
malleable.
Properties of Nonmetals

Nonmetals have
low density.
 Properties of Nonmetals

They also have a low

melting point. This
is why they are poor
conductors of heat
and electricity.
Metalloids
 Properties of Metalloids

Metalloids can be found clustered around the dark zig-

zag line that separates metals and nonmetals.
Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids (metal-like)
have properties of
both metals and
nonmetals.
Properties of Metalloids

Metalloids are solids that

can be shiny or
dull.
 Properties of Metalloids
They conduct
electricity and
heat better than
nonmetals but not as
well as metals.
Properties of Metalloids

Metalloids are
malleable and
ductile