JOB HAZARD

ANALYSIS
What is a Job Hazard
Analysis?
 An effective method of reviewing the
individual steps in performing a job
and identifying both unsafe acts and
unsafe conditions in order to develop
solutions to eliminate or control the
hazard.
Benefits
 Identify previously undetected hazards.
 Increase the job knowledge.
 Raise safety and health awareness.
 Improve communication between workers
and supervisors.
 Establish safe work procedures.
 Tool for accident investigation.
Four Basic Steps
 Select the job
 Break the job into sequence of steps
 Identify potential hazards
 Develop solutions
 1. Selecting the Job
 Jobs with most accidents
 Jobs where severe accidents
can happen
 New jobs that are being
created
 Jobs being changed
 Jobs that are already analyzed
but are still causing accident.
2. Break into basic steps
 Discuss with the employee the sequence of job steps
 Observe the job if the steps are accurate.
 List each step in the order of occurrence
 Not too general ( miss steps and hazards)
 Not too detailed (many steps)
 Jobs can be described in less than ten steps.
 Discuss with the employee any discrepancy of the during
observation
 Iron out differences to come-up with the final sequence
of job steps
Who Conducts the
Observation?
 The immediate supervisor
 The safety officer
 Member of the joint occupational health and safety
committee
 Other employees who perform the same job
Who will be observed?
 The worker should be experienced and capable in
all parts of the job.
 Observation of the Job
 Watch the worker do the job.
 Full cooperation and participation
 Clearly explain the reason for the exercise.
 The job, not the individual, is being studied
 Not a time and motion study in disguise
 Not an attempt to uncover individual unsafe acts.
Observation of the Job
 Only regular tools and equipment should be
used.
 The only difference from normal operations is
the fact that the worker is being observed.
 Breakdown of steps are discussed by all the
participants (including the worker)
 3. Identify potential hazards
T YPIC AL Q UEST IO N S T O C O NSID ER

PHYS IC A L A C T IO NS M A T ERIA L S EQ UIPM ENT C OND IT IO NS

E xcessive force req u ired ? Toxic U n g u ard ed m ovin g A d eq u ate lig h tin g ?
p arts?

A w kward or u n stab le p osition ? F lam m ab le or C on trols p osition ed Tem p eratu re

com b u stib le? ap p rop riately? extrem es ?

R ep ititive m otion ? H eavy? In terlocks req u ired ? E xcessive N oise

S im u ltan eou s action s D ifficu lt to E m erg en cy stop V en tilation req u ired ?

req u ired ? m ove? sw itch es accessib le?

L iftin g , p u sh in g or D oes eq u ip m en t store

p u llin g in volved ? en erg y?

S p ecific seq u en ce of
action n ec es sary?
3. Identify potential hazards
 Based on observations of the job.
 Knowledge of accident and injury causes.
 Personal experience,
 List the things that could go wrong at each step.
Sample questions to identify
hazards
 Can any body part get caught in or between objects?
 Do tools, machines, or equipment present any hazards?
 Can the worker make harmful contact with objects?
 Can the worker slip, trip, or fall?
 Can the worker suffer strain from lifting, pushing, or pulling?
 Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold?
 Is excessive noise or vibration a problem?
Sample questions to identify
hazards
 Is there a danger from falling objects?
 Is lighting a problem?
 Can weather conditions affect safety?
 Is harmful radiation a possibility?
 Can contact be made with hot, toxic, or caustic
substances?
 Are there dusts, fumes, mists, or vapours in the air?
4. Develop Solutions
 Eliminate the hazard
 Choose a different process
 Modify an existing process
 Substitute with less hazardous
substance
 Improve environment (ventilation)
 Modify or change equipment or tools
4. Develop Solutions
 Contain the hazard
 Hazard cannot be eliminated
 Prevent contact
 enclosures
 machine guards
 worker booths or similar devices.
4. Develop Solutions
 Revise work procedures
 Consideration might be given to
modifying steps which are hazardous,
 Change the sequence of steps
 Adding additional steps (such as locking
out energy sources).
4. Develop Solutions
 Reduce the exposure
 Least effective measure
 No other solutions are possible
 Reduce the number of times the hazard is
encountered.
 Use of appropriate personal protective
equipment
 Reduce the severity of an accident
 JOB OR OPERATION TITLE: DEPARTMENT/ DIVISION: JOB LOCATION: DATE PERFORMED:
JOB HAZARD
ANALYSIS PERFORMED BY: VERIFIED BY: TITLE OF EMPLOYEE DOING JOB:

NEW PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED AND/OR RECOMMENDED:

REVISED
SEQUENCE OF BASIC JOB STEPS EXISTING AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS RECOMMENDED CORRECTIVE MEASURES
 Information Dissemination
 The result must be communicated to all workers.
Changing a flat tire.
As you leave for work today, you discover that
the car has a flat tire. The car is parked on
level ground and the parking brake is already
set. The bumper jack and spare tire are both
in good condition and stored in the trunk of
the car.
Key Steps NOT ENOUGH
Changing a Flat Tire
 Park car
 take off flat tire
 put on spare tire
 drive away
Key Job Steps JUST RIGHT
Changing a Flat tire
 Park car, set brake  tighten lug nuts
 remove jack & tire  store tire & jack
from trunk
 loosen log nuts
 jack up car
 remove tire
 set new tire
 jack down car
 Job Hazard Analysis is one of the most effective tools available to
help supervisors protect the health and safety of their employees
 To perform an accurate and completed JHA, you need to:
 Select the job to be analyzed; and
 Assemble a team of knowledgeable and experienced personnel to
conduct the JHA
 Then, the team as a whole needs to:
 Observe the job as it is performed to break it down into basic steps
 Analyze each step to determine existing and potential hazards
associated with each step
 Develop recommendations for eliminating or controlling the hazards
associated with each step