HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis of the Study

• is a precise, testable statement of what the researcher(s)
predict will be the outcome of the study.

• usually involves proposing a possible relationship between

two variables: the independent variable (what the
researcher changes) and the dependent variable (what the
research measures).

Source: https://www.simplypsychology.org/what-is-a-hypotheses.html
Types of Hypothesis
1. Alternative hypothesis (Ha OR H1) - states that
there is a relationship between the two variables being
studied (one variable has an effect on the other).

• It states that the results are not due to chance and

that they are significant in terms of supporting the
theory being investigated.
Source: https://www.simplypsychology.org/what-is-a-hypotheses.html
Types of Hypothesis
2. Null hypothesis (H0) - states that there is no
relationship between the two variables being studied
(one variable does not affect the other).

• It states results are due to chance and are not

significant in terms of supporting the idea being
investigated.
Source: https://www.simplypsychology.org/what-is-a-hypotheses.html
Alternative vs. Null Hypothesis
(Examples)

H0 – There is no relationship between crime rate

and level of unemployment.

H1 - There is a significant relationship between

crime rate and level of unemployment.
Alternative vs. Null Hypothesis
(Examples)

H0 – The number of lectures attended by first-year

students has no effect on their final exam scores.

H1 - The number of lectures attended by first-year

students has a positive effect on their final exam
scores.
Non-Directional vs. Directional Hypothesis
Non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis
- predicts that the independent variable will have an effect on the
dependent variable, but the direction of the effect is not specified.

E.g., there will be a difference in how many numbers are correctly

recalled by children and adults.

- Is written if there is evidence in the literature to support a specific

effect on the independent variable on the dependent variable

Source: https://www.simplypsychology.org/what-is-a-hypotheses.html
Non-Directional vs. Directional Hypothesis
Directional (one-tailed) hypothesis
- predicts the nature of the effect of the independent variable on the
dependent variable.

E.g., adults will correctly recall more words than children.

- Is written if there are limited or ambiguous findings in the literature

regarding the effect of the independent variable on the dependent
variable

Source: https://www.simplypsychology.org/what-is-a-hypotheses.html