EVOLUTION OF

ADDITIVEMANUFACTURI
NG.
OUTLINE
INTODUCTION
• Additive manufacturing first emerged in 1987 with stereolithography
(SL) from 3D Systems
• It is seen as being one of the major revolutionary industrial processes
of the next few years.
• It has several alternatives ranging from simple RepRap machines to
complex fused metaldeposition systems.
• Instead of milling a workpiece from a solid block, additive
manufacturing builds the part uplayer by layer from material supplied
as a fine powder.
• Additive manufacturing techniques provide major competitive
advantagessince they adapt to the geometrical complexity and
customized design of thepart to be manufactured.
• The following may also be achieved according to field of application:
• Lighter weight productsEfficient short production runs
• Fewer assembly errorsLower associated and tool investment costsA
combination of different manufacturing processes
• An optimized use of multi materials
Introduction stage

• The introduction stage is characterized by small sales, low rates of

market penetration, high costs and low quality.
• AM spent quite some time in this stage with barriers to growth
including industry-wide innovation hampered by patent restrictions
and difficulties reducing the cost of machines.
Growth stage

• The AM sector is now in the growth stage.

• This stage sees accelerating market penetration as prices fall.
• The 2018 Wohler's Report tells us that worldwide revenues from AMproducts
in 2017 totalled $3.133 bn, a 17.4% increase from $2.669 bn in2016.
• While many in the sector continue to debate the methodologies behindthe
Wohler figures, few would dispute that the industry is growing, and ata fast
pace.
• Large annual increases in revenues continue to attract interest from
othersectors (finance, manufacturing).
• Standardisation
• The process of developing, promoting and possibly mandating standards
• AM covers 7 standard process.
• Materials (polymers, metals, ceramics, composites and others).
• We are not yet witnessing the dominance of any one process or
materialacross the sector, although particular processes and materials
suit specificapplications.
• For example, the production of metal dental implants is led by the
powderbed fusion process (selective laser melting) using titanium.
• : Professionalisation
• AM publicly recognized as professional Manufacturing process
• During this growth stage, the AM industry is rapidly professionalising.
• The size and scope of the firm activities is increasing and requires the
input of supportive services such as human resources and business
management(strategy is particularly important here).
• Now increasingly seeing the influx of business and management
talent from other sectors - filling important roles in senior
management, supply chain,operations and consulting.
• We can also expect to see a shift in the composition of the industry by
firm size and type.
• In 2016, the global industry AM conference, Form next, attracted 470
exhibitors. In 2017 that number rose to 632 (34.46% +).
• The Wohlers Report estimate that in 135 manufacturers from around
the world produced and sold industrial grade AM systems in 2017
(having quadrupled in the last five years).
• Equipment manufacturers, some of the firms have their origins
squarely in AM.
The maturity stage is mainly characterised by
1. Cost efficiency through capital intensity
2. Scale efficiency
3. Low input costs
• The tipping point will likely be wider scale application of AM
technologiesin mass manufacturing.
• As AM reaches maturity, more large and publicly owned firms will
develop.This will provide more data on equipment, materials and
services sales and more insight into profitability.
THE 1980S: BIRTH OF THE MAIN 3D
PRINTING TECHNIQUES
• 1980: First patentby japanese DrKodama Rapidprototyping
• 1988:FirstSLA-1machine3D SYSTEMS
• 1986:Stereolithography taken up by Charles Hull First SLS machine by
DTM Inc then bought by 3Dsystem
THE 1990S: EMERGENCE OF THE MAIN
3D PRINTERS
• 1990:First EOS Stereos system stratasys
• 1993:Solid scape was founded.
• 1992:FDM patent to Stratasys
• 1995:Z Corporationobtained an exclusivilicense from the MIT
THE 2000S: 3D PRINTING GAINS MEDIA VISIBILITY

• In 2000, the first 3D printed kidney was implanted. Later many more
organs were 3d printedincluding artificial bones.
• 2004, in reprap project, 3d printer printer printed 3d printer.
• In 2005, Corp launched the Spectrum Z510, the very first high-
definition color 3D printer.
• 2008, the first 3D printed prosthetic limb.This amazing medical 3D
printing project printed parts without the need for any later
assembly.3D printed medical prosthesis and orthosis are more and
more cheaper and faster to get for the patient.Prostheses are more
and more optimized and adapted to the morphology of the patient.
THE 2010S: YEARS OF VISIBILITY,
INNOVATION ANDHOPES FOR 3D
PRINTING
• With the FDM patent expiration, the first years of the decade have
become the years of 3D printing.In 2013, President Barack Obama
mentioned about 3D printing as a major issue for the future.Additive
manufacturing is then becoming a real and affordable prototyping
and production technique for businesses, opening new possibilities
and opportunities.
• THE 2010S: YEARS OF VISIBILITY, INNOVATION ANDHOPES FOR 3D
PRINTING The technology is forever progressing, just as are the uses
of this technology.In 2010.
• Urbee was the first 3D printed car.
• 3D printed car is progressively becoming a reality, and additive
manufacturing is taking moreand more space in the automotive
sector.Lsev, Puv, Elvisis BMW 007, toyota NBox are few examples
• Technologies like CLIP (DLS) are being developed by Carbon, making
the printing process even faster and more accurate than ever.We will
find a wide-range of materials from strong and accurate 3D printed
resins such as Rigid Polyurethane, to 3D printed flexible plastic, and
heat resistant 3D printed metals: everything is now printable, making
it easy for companies to find materials adapted to their needs and
products.
• New 3D printing materials are being explored every day, from Daniel
Kelly's lab who's 3D printing bone to the French startup XtreeE, who's
3D printing concrete to revolutionize the construction industry
Indeed, regarding architecture application, 3D printing concrete is
now a real thing, and families are starting to move into 3D printed
houses.The first family to move into a 3D printed house actually did in
2018. The house is 1022 square feet, is perfectly habitable and took
two days to print.
• THE 2020S: THE ARRIVING OF MORE ADVANCED ADDITIVE
MANUFACTURING MATERIAL SA way to implement more sustainable
manufacturing using bio-based materials, with a seriesof Nylon PA11
materials.There are some interesting materials such as Ultrasint®
PA11 ESD and its electrostatic discharging properties, Ultrasint ® PA11
CF reinforced with carbon fibers for more rigidity, Ultrasint@ PA11 &
MJF PA11 bio-based powders with great resistant properties,
Ultrasint@ PA6 FR a flame-resistant material, Ultrasint@® PA6 MF
mineral filled for more resistance, Ultrasint® TPU88A & TPU01 for
resistance and flexibility
• WHAT ABOUT THE FUTURE?
• 3D Bioprinting is becoming a big subject for the medical field. The 3D
bioprinting technology could allow to create various tissue structures,
such as kidney tissue, skin tissue.
• 3D printing for architecture is also improving, but could really become
bigger in the upcoming years. Projects faster to build, cheaper, and
that avoid material waste
Conclusion:
Decades by decades additive manufacturing is growing in all kinds of
field which is very good revolution for betterment of community.
• Traditional subtractive machining techniques rely on the removal of
material by methods such as cutting or milling.
AM is on the verge of shifting from a pure rapid prototyping
technology.