SEMINER 1

CANTOR’S THEOREM
NAME : DHIRAJ SAW
ROLL NO : 22MA05014
 CONTENT
1.Countable Set
2. Uncountable Set
3.Cantor’s Theorem
4.Transfinite Number
 GEORG CANTOR
AN ORIGINAL MATHEMATICIAN

• 1845-1918
• Born in Russia
• Family moved to Germany while he was a child
• This is where he spent most of his life
• Founder of “Set Theory”
• First to seriously consider infinities as completed values
• Believed understanding transfinite numbers was a direct gift to him from god
 COUNTABLE SET
There exist a bijection from natural number or subset
of natural number to given set.

Ex:-
 Countable set
• The element of a non-empty set can be put under counting process if
their exist a rule by which 1st , 2nd , 3rd and successor of any element
is define then the set is said to be countable set.
• The set of natural number is naturally under counting process ,
hence the term as the counting set.
 UNCOUNTABLE SET
A set is said to be uncountable if it is not
countable i.e. neither finite nor countably
infinite.
Ex:-
 CANTOR’S THEOREM

Statement :-
Let X be an arbitrary set (finite
or infinite). Then the sets X and cannot have equal
cardinality.
PROOF:-
let us assume that the sets X and had
equal cardinality.
Then there exists a bijection f : X → between X
and the power set of X.
Now consider the set
A := {x ∈ X : x f(x)}.
Note that this set is well-defined
since f(x) is an element of
and is hence a subset of X.
Clearly A is a subset of X,
hence is an element of .
Since f is a bijection,
there exist x ∈ X such that f(x) = A.
There are now two cases, depending on whether x ∈ A or x A.
If x ∈ A, then by definition of A we have x f(x), hence
x A, a contradiction.
But if x A, then x f(x),
hence by definition of A
we have
x ∈ A, a contradiction.
Thus in either case we have a contradiction.
Hence, the sets X and cannot have equal cardinality.
 CONCLUSION
• Potential of P(A) is more than that of A
• Potential of P() is more than that of through both are infinite.
• We need to coin symbols to denote the potential or cardinality of infinite sets as well then this symbols will be
called transfinite number .
• Card()= ℵ0 (aleph naught)
• Card(P())= {cardinal of continuum)

•ℵ0< Cantors hypothesis.

 TRANSFINITE NUMBER

• There is no finite transfinite number or symbols between ℵ0 and C .

• When two infinite set are similar , then same transfinite number is used to
denote their cardinality potential.

• The smallest countable infinite set is ||= ℵ0 .

• The smallest uncountable infinite set is |P()|=C .
REFERENCES

•Wikipedia
•Analysis I by Terence Tao Sir
FURTHER READINGS
CANTOR’S DIAGONAL AND
AIRTHMATIC OF TRANSFINITE
NUMBER
THANKS