PSYCHOLOGICAL

PERSPECTIVE OF SELF
PROF LEI.
 Define & describe the different
psychological concepts of self
Differentiate the various
concepts of the self and identify
their relationships
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Explain how the concepts of
self influence behavior; and
Apply concepts of self in one’s
life to develop self-awareness
and self understanding
 PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and
behavior. Psychologists are actively involved in
studying and understanding mental processes, brain
functions, and behavior.

The word psychology derives from the Greek word 

psyche, for spirit or soul and -logia, which refers to
"study" or "research".

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 BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Clinical psychology can help us to • Developmental Psychology - This is the
understand, prevent, and alleviate scientific study of systematic psychological
psychologically-caused distress or changes that a person experiences over the life
dysfunction, and promote an individual’s span, often referred to as human development.
well-being and personal development. • It focuses not only on infants and young
children but also teenagers, adults, and older
• Psychological assessment and people.
psychotherapy are central to the practice
of clinical psychology, but clinical • Factors include motor skills, problem solving,
moral understanding, acquiring language,
psychologists are often also involved in emotions, personality, self-concept, and
research, training, forensic testimony, and identity formation.
other areas.

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 BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Forensic psychology involves applying • Occupational or organizational
psychology to criminal investigation psychologists are involved in assessing
and the law. and making recommendations about the
• A forensic psychologist practices performance of people at work and in
psychology as a science within the training.
criminal justice system and civil courts. • They help companies to find more
• It involves assessing the psychological effective ways to function, and to
factors that might influence a case or understand how people and groups
behavior and presenting the findings in behave at work.
court.

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 BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Abnormal psychology looks at • Educational psychology is the branch
psychopathology and abnormal of psychology concerned with schools,
behavior. It involves the study of teaching psychology, educational issues,
people's emotional, thought, and and student concerns. Educational
behavior patterns to identify, psychologists often study how students
understand, and potentially resolve any learn. They may also work directly with
issues that may be negatively affecting a students, parents, teachers, and
person's life. administrators to improve student
outcomes.

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 BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Experimental psychology is the branch • Sports psychology is the study of how
of psychology that utilizes scientific psychology influences sports, athletic
methods to research the brain and performance, exercise, and physical
behavior. Many of these techniques are activity. Individuals may work with a
also used in other psychology areas to sports psychologist to improve their
study everything from childhood focus, develop mental toughness,
development to social issues. increase motivation, or reduce sports-
related anxiety.

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PSYCHOLOGISTS

WILLIAM JAMES DAVID LESTER DONALD WINNICOTT CARL ROGERS

Concept of Self Multiple Vs Unified Self True Vs False Self Self Theory

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 SIGMUND FREUD ALBERT BANDURA CARL JUNG
The Importance of Unconscious Self as Proactive and Agentic Self as Central Archetype

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 WILLIAM JAMES
The Concepts of Self
The I – Self & Me - Self
• The Self is divided into two categories: the
“I-Self” and the “Me-Self”.

• The “I-Self” refers to the self that knows

who he or she is.
• James believed that the “I-Self” is the
thinking, acting, and feeling self.
• The “I-Self” reflects the soul of a person or
what is now thought of as the mind and is
called the pure ego.

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• The “Me-Self” is the empirical self. It refers
to describing the person’s personal
experiences and further divided into sub-
categories: material Self, Social Self, and
Spiritual Self.

• The Material Self consists of things that

belongs to a person such as the body,
clothes, house and etc.
• The Social Self refers to whom and how a
person acts on social situations
• The Spiritual Self refers to the most intimate
and important part of the self that includes
the person’s purpose, motives, emotions,
values, conscience, and moral behavior.
 DAVID LESTER
Multiple Vs Unified Self
• The construction of multiple selves
varies across different roles and
relationships.
• Coping with different selves constitutes
a formidable task among adolescents.
• These challenges contribute heavily to
the young person’s struggle for a
unified self.

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 DONALD WINNICOTT
True Vs. False Self

• The Function of the False Self is to hide

and protect the true self.
• People tend to display a false self to
impress others.

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 CARL ROGERS
Self Theory
• Believed in the inherent goodness of people
• Emphasized the importance of free will and
psychological growth.
• Suggested that the actualizing tendency is the
driving force behind human behavior

• Actualizing tendency leads to self-actualization,

the individual can become what Rogers
referred to as a fully-functioning person.
• Rogers believed that the actualizing tendency
was an innate capacity to make choices that
helped individuals achieve this self-fulfillment.
 CARL ROGERS
Self Theory

• Human Beings are always striving for self-fulfillment or self

actualization.
• When the needs of the self are denied, severe anxiety may result
• Proposed the Self-Concept
• Self- concept refers to the image of oneself
• The self develops from interactions with significant people and
self awareness

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SELF- CONCEPT
• Refers to the image of oneself
• Defined the Self as a flexible and
changing perception of personal
identity
• Self develops from interactions with
significant people and self-awareness

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3 Components of “Self-Concept” of Carl Rogers
Embodies the answer to the question “Who am I?”

SELF-IMAGE SELF-ESTEEM IDEAL SELF

SIGMUND FREUD
The Importance of the Unconscious

• Father of Psychoanalysis
• The mind is like an iceberg, it
floats with 1/7th of its bulk
above the water.
Sigmund Freud’s construction of self &
personality
• 3 Structures of personality/mind
• 1. ID – Pleasure seeking, immature, impulsive,
child-like and cannot delay gratification.
• 2. EGO – “I” works on the reality principle,
controls the ID and can delay pleasure.
• 3. Superego – the “conscience” and “moral
judge” of conduct

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ALBERT BANDURA
Self as Proactive and Agentic

• Views people as agents (originators) of

experience not just reactive.
• Suggest that human have the ability to
act and make things happen.
• Emphasized the importance of social
learning, or learning through observation
• His theory emphasized the role of
conscious thoughts including self efficacy,
or our own beliefs in our abilities
 4 Agentic Perspective

INTENTIONALLY SLEF-REACTIVENESS
- ENABLE US TO BEHAVE WITH - WE CAN BE MOTIVATED TO
PURPOSE REGULATE OUR ACTIONS

SELF-REFLECTIVENESS
FORETHOUGHT - WE CAN REFLECT OUR
- ALLOWS US TO ANTICIPATE THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS
OUTCOMES AND MAKE NEEDED
MODIFICATIONS

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 CARL JUNG
Self as Central Archetype
• Archetypes are universal, inborn models of people,
behaviors, or personalities that play a role in influencing
human behavior
• Jung’s Personality Archetypes:

1. Persona – One’s “Public Personality” or mask;

one’s social roles
2. Shadow – One’s dark side, parts of ourselves that
we dislike
3. Anima – Female Archetypes, or “feminine side”
4. Animus – Male Archetypes, or “male side”
5. Self – Central archetypes of personality, represents
wholeness
thank you