Hydrological

Cycle
Geography Presentation

Presented By -
Yuvraj Singh
B.A.B.Ed 3rd Semester
What is it?
Water cycle also known as Hydrological cycle or Hydrolic
cycle is the continuous movement of water on above or
below the surface of land.
Water never leaves the Earth. It is constantly being cycled
through the atmosphere, ocean, and land. This process,
known as the Water Cycle, is driven by energy from the sun.
The hydrologic cycle has a profound effect upon climate
prediction.
Branch of science to study the movements and
characteristics of water under of over surface or earth is
called Hydrology.
Hydrological Cycle
Components of
Hydrological Cycle
• Evaporation
• Evapotranspiration
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Interception
• Infiltration
• Runoff
• Storage
Evaporation
Evaporation occurs when
water changes from liquid
state to gaseous state.
Evaporation occurs on water
surfaces like lakes, seas etc.
Evaporated moisture is lifted
into atmosphere.
Evapo- Transpiration
Evapo-transpiration is water
evaporating from the ground and
transpiration by plants.
Evapo-transpiration is also the way
water vapour-enters the atmosphere
About 90% of atmospheric water
comes from evaporation, while the
remaining 10% is from
transpiration.
Water is evaporated from
lakes, streams, oceans, and
plants.
CONDENSATION
Condensation is the process by
which water vapor changes
into water. Water vapor
condenses to form dew, fog or
clouds.
Condensation takes place due
to cooling of air. As water (in
the form of gas) rises higher
in the atmosphere, it starts to
cool and become a liquid
again.

When a large amount of

water vapor condenses, it
results in the formation of
clouds.
form: Fog,Dew, and Clouds
Fog: Fog forms when air near the surface is cold and nearly
saturated with water. Now when water from the ground evaporates, it
condenses immediately forming tiny water droplets that create a
low-lying cloud we call fog.
Dew: Dew forms at night when air becomes saturated with
water vapor. When this saturated air comes in contact with plants or other
objects it condenses, leaving tiny water droplets behind on the object.
Clouds: When the air containing water vapor is heated by the sun, it
rises into the atmosphere by convection. The water vapor in
the air is then cooled by the colder air higher in the
atmosphere causing the relative humidity to increase. As the relative
humidity increases, the air eventually becomes saturated. The water vapor
then condenses into tiny water droplets around particles of dust or salt in the
air. These tiny water droplets make up clouds.
Transpiration
Transpiration occurs when plants take
in water through the roots and release
it through the leaves, a process that
can clean water by removing
contaminants and pollution.
Transpiration is the biological process
that occurs mostly in the day.
Water inside plants is transferred to
the atmosphere as water vapor.
Only a small portion of
water is retained by the
plants.
Precipitation
When the water in the
clouds gets too heavy, the
water falls back to the
earth.
This is called precipitation.
Precipitation is the
process that occurs
when water particles
fall from the
atmosphere and
reach the ground.
Precipitated water
may fall into water
bodies or on land.
It can then go to
streams or penetrate
into the soil.
Types of Precipitation
1.Drizzle 4.Sleet
2.Rain 5.Snow
3.Freezing rain 6.Hail
Interception
Interception
refers to
precipitation
that does not
reach the soil,
but is instead
intercepted by
the leaves and
branches of
plants and the
forest floor.
Infiltration
Some precipitation seeps into the
groundwater and is stored in layers of
rock below the surface of the Earth.
This water stays there for varying
amounts of time. Some water may
evaporate into the hydrologic cycle
within days, while other water will
stay in the ground for centuries or
more.
This process of precipitation seeping
into the groundwater is called
infiltration.
It is measured in inches per hour or
millimeters per hour.
It is measured using infiltrometer.
Runoff

Runoff is precipitation that did not get absorbed into the soil, or did not
evaporate. Runoff causes erosion, and also carry chemicals and
substances on the ground surface.
Storage
There are three basic water
storage places:
in
1. Atmosphere,
2. Earth’s surface, and
3. In the ground.

Surface storage places are:

ocean, lake, reservoirs,
glaciers.

Underground storage occurs

in soil, in the cracks of rocks
etc.
Thank
You