ASSIGNMENT

WASTEWATER FROM INDUSTRIES

CDB 3022/CEB3013
Q 1:
A water treatment plant has a flow rate of 0.6 m3/s from the bottom. The settling tank at the plant
has an effective settling volume that is 20 m long, 3 m height and 6 m wide.

a) If the particles have a settling velocity of 0.004 m/s, will it be completely removed? Justify
your answer.

b) Calculate a new minimum length for the sedimentation tank of the same height and wide

in order to have 100% particle removal.

Q 2:
Referring to water flow in Fig. 1 and by using data in Table 1, determine the terminal settling velocity
for a sand particle and assess the accuracy of the settling velocity obtained with regards to the drag
coefficient.

Re ~700

Fig. 1

Table 1
Q 3:
A water treatment plant has a flow rate of 0.6 m3/s. The incoming wastewater is supplied
horizontally. The settling tank has an effective dimension of 20 m long, 3 m height and 6 m wide. If
the particles have a settling velocity of 0.004 m/s,

a) Determine the settling ability of the particles

b) Suggest 2 methods that can be applied to completely remove the particles

c) Based on Q1 example, for the same flowrate and tank dimension, comment on which
direction of inlet wastewater is advantageous for settling.

Q 4:
A settling tank of 6m (L) x 5m (W) x 10m (H) is installed for grit settling. The wastewater is
channeled from the left side of the tank horizontally at a Flowrate of 1.5 m3/s. If the particles have a
settling velocity of 0.04 m/s,

a) Determine the settling ability of the particles

b) Compare the settling ability determined in (a) to the same unit operation with vertical inlet
flow.

c) If no settling can be achieved for vertical flow, propose a new width of the tank to have
particle settling by keeping the other measurements constant.

d) Suggest 2 methods for horizontal flow that can be applied to completely remove the
particles.

Q 5:
A water sample from V6 café of UTP has a turbid appearance that requires dilution for BOD
measurement. A 100 ml of the wastewater was mixed with 400 ml distilled water in 1 L bottle for the
analysis. After 5 days, the BOD was calculated to be at 250 mg/L.

a) Calculate the sample size in %

b) Dilution factor
c) Amount of oxygen consumed throughout the 5 days

Q 6:
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater
by human activities. It involves any chemical, biological, or physical change in water quality that has
a harmful effect on living organism or makes water unsuitable for desired uses. It occurs when
pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to
remove harmful constituents.

Malaysia Sewage and Industrial Effluent Discharge Standards is introduced as part of EQA1974 to
protect water resource. There are two (2) standards of discharge water namely Standard A and
Standard B as outlined in Table 1.
Table 1: Malaysian Wastewater Discharge Standards

a) From the listed parameters in Table 1, state three (3) classes of the parameters and list their
example (s).
b) Differentiate Standard A and Standard B requirement based on industrial location. Name an
example of suitable industry for at each location.

Q 7:
Coagulation and flocculation are two important unit operations in wastewater treatment. They
are normally conducted in the primary and secondary stage of treatment process.

a) With an aid of a diagram for each process, define coagulation and flocculation, explain
the principles and their differences.
b) Suggest One (1) strategy to enhance the coagulation and flocculation process.
Q 8:
a) A wastewater sample from UTP cafeteria was sampled in a 1L glass bottle. This sample was
analysed for BOD in triplicate using 300 ml BOD bottles. Given the turbid appearance of the
sample, 3 dilutions were prepared with distilled water according to Table 1 below.

Complete empty columns in Table 1 with appropriate values and calculate the average BOD5.

Table 1: Unseeded BOD data for UTP Cafeteria.

Sample- UTP Cafe Dilution A Dilution B Dilution C

Volume sample (ml) 15 30 45
Initial DO (mg/L) 8.5
DO after 5 days (mg/L) 5.6 2.8 0.2
Depletion
BOD5 (mg/L)

b) The same analysis was repeated using 1 ml seed material as outlined in Table 2. Calculate the
seeded BOD5.

Table 2: Seeded BOD data for UTP Cafeteria.

Sample- UTP Cafe Seed material Sample

Volume (ml) 20 70
Initial DO (mg/L) 8.0 8.5
DO after 5 days (mg/L) 4.9 0.7

c) Compare the BOD5 values for unseeded and seeded analysis and give comment on the different
readings.

d) The café produces 500 L of such wastewater daily which does not meet Standard B of DOE
requirement. Calculate the penalty they need to pay in 25-day operation per month according to
EQA 1974 Document (page 121) below, should they discharge the wastewater into water body
untreated. Use the average unseeded BOD5 value determined in (a).

Fee schedule
Inland water RM 100 per ton of BOD load