POKHARA UNIVERSITY

Level: Bachelor Semester – Fall Year : 2007

Programme: BE Full Marks : 100
Course: Sanitary Engineering Time : 3hrs.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far
as practicable.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Attempt all the questions.
1. a) Compare between water-carriage and conservancy methods of sanitation 5
with their merits and demerits.
b) Assuming the surface on which rain falls in a thickly built up residential 10
district as follows:
40% of the area consists of roofs and pavements (C 1 = 0.80), 60% of
the area consists of lawns and gardens (C 2 = 0.20). Calculate the co-
efficient of runoff. If the total area of the district is 2 hectares and the
maximum intensity of rain is taken as 50 mm/hour. What is the total
runoff of the district?
2. a) Describe carbon and nitrogen cycles of decomposition with neat 8
sketches.
b) Enlist the possible constituent of sewage. Explain briefly the chemical 7
characteristics of sewage.
3. a) With a neat sketch, explain the necessity and working of an automatic 4
flushing tank.
b) What points should be kept in mind while designing sewers? A 30 cm 11
dia sewer having an invert slope of 1 in 150 was flowing full. What
would be the velocity of flow and discharge? (n = 0.013). Is the
velocity self-cleaning? What would be the velocity and discharge when
the same is flowing 0.20 and 0.8 of it’s full depth?
4. a) What is sewage farming? What are its advantages over the method of 5
disposal of sewage by dilution?
b) What do you understand by self-purification of streams? Describe the 10
various factors affecting the self- purification of a stream.
5. a) What are the advantages of re-circulation in high rate freckling filter? 3
b) Calculate the effluent BOD of a two stage Trickling filter with the 12
following data: Flow = 4000 m3/day, BOD after primary
treatment = 250 mg/l, volume of filter l = 600 m 3, volume of filter 2 =
 300 m3 and recirculation ration for both filters = 1:5. Depth for both
filter = 1.8 m.
6. a) What is sewage sludge? Describe aerobic and anaerobic sludge 8
digestion.
b) Describe the construction and working principle of Imhoff’s tank with 7
the aid of neat sketch.
7. Write short notes on (Any Two): 2×5
a) Methods of collection of solid waste
b) Drop manhole
c) Grit chamber
d) Composting