FACULTY ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT HYDROLOGY AND WATER SUPPLY
CODE TCVD3791
DATE APRIL 2012
DURATION 3 HOURS MARKS 100

EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER

NORMAL EXAMINATION

Internal Examiner: PROF.DR. R. JÜPNER

DR. K. OGEDENGBE
Internal Moderator: DR. A. OGUNMOKUN

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Closed book examination.
2. Read the questions carefully
3. This question paper consist of TWELVE questions
4. Answer all questions and show your working
5. Marks for each question are indicated
6. Use separate Examination Booklet of different colours for Part I and Part II

This paper consists of 3 pages (excluding the front page)

UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA
EXAMINATIONS
PART I – HYDROLOGY (PROF. DR. R.JÜPNER)

Question 1
Define the following terms
a) Water management
b) Precipitation height
c) stochastic model
d) infiltration capacity
(4 marks)
Question 2
With the help of a drawing, describe a method to receive the “representative” spatial rainfall
distribution for a catchment using three rainfall gauging stations. (4 marks)

Question 3
A river is flowing through a (comparable empty) lake during flood season. Draw the input
(flood) hydrograph (inflow into the lake) as well as the output hydrograph (outflow from the
lake) in one chart. Compare the two hydrographs and describe the two most important changes
with reasons. (5 marks)

Question 4
a) What is considered to be the “water balance equation”?
b) Describe two examples, where it can be used for civil engineering purposes.
(4 marks)

Question 5 (5 points)
a) Explain “lumped” and “distributed” model with the help of an example.
b) What advantages and disadvantages do you see?
(5 marks)

Question 6
Define infiltration, mention how to measure it in the field and give its unit of measurement.
(4 marks)

Question 7
With reference to the temporal aspects, what are the main differences between drought and flood
hydrological extremes? (5 marks)

Question 8
What kind of hydrological data is required for:
a) Determining the design value for a dike height?
b) Determining the volume of a retention basin?
c) Determining the drainage piping network for a parking lot? (3 marks)
Question 9
A current meter was used to measure the streamfow velocities along the longitudinal profiles 1-3
of a trapezoidal channel as shown in Fig. Q 9. Given the hydraulic parameters for the cross
profile of the trapezoidal channel as b = 2,0 m, h = 1,0 m, n = 3 and other measurements as
shown in Table Q9, calculate the mean average velocity and the discharge. (15 marks)

Fig Q9: velocity measurements in longitudinal profiles 1-3

Table Q9: Measured values along the longitudinal profiles 1-3

Vertical Distance from

Measuring Water Measuring velocity
boundary the left bank
Nr. depth [m] depth hi [m] [m/s]
line [m]

V1,1 4.0 1.33 1.10 0.50

1
V1,2 4.0 1.33 0.30 0.30

V2,1 7.5 2.00 0.40 0.20

2 V2,2 7.5 2.00 0.80 0.50

V2,3 7.5 2.00 1.60 1.00

V3,1 11.0 1.33 0.30 0.30

3
V3,2 11.0 1.33 1.10 0.50
PART II – WATER SUPPLY (DR. K. OGEDENGBE)

QUESTION 10
(a) At a water plant, 18 million litres of water is treated daily using ferrous sulphate and lime. If
the dosage of ferrous sulphate is 12mg/litre, determine the total quantities of ferrous sulphate
and lime required. [Take Fe=55.85; S=32.066; O = 16; H = 1.008; Ca = 40.08]
(6 marks)

(b) List different types of pipes used in water supply and explain why plastic pipes are becoming
very important. (12marks)

QUESTION 11
(a) Sketch and discuss the units involved in a complete water supply service (from source to
house supply) (10 marks)

(b) In planning for future water supply to a city, statistical data of past census records were
obtained as shown in Table Q11b. Determine the population of the city in 2020 by:
i. arithmetical increase method (6marks)
ii. geometrical increase method (2marks)
iii. incremental increase method (2 marks)

TABLE Q11b: PAST CENSUS RECORD OF THE CITY

YEAR 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

POPULATION 12000 16500 26800 41500 57500 68000 74100

QUESTION 12
(a) What are the steps to be taken in the design of water distribution system?
(4marks)
(b) Discuss the importance of water sampling and analysis.
(4marks)
(c) Mention and discuss the parameters which are considered in the physical examination of
water. (4marks)