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Universiti Malaysia PAHANG Y

EngineerIng

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Craivtty

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAIJANG FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & EARTH RESOURCES FINAL EXAMINATION : ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING : BAA3613 : SURYATI BINTI SULAIMAN : 8 NOVEMBER 2010 3 HOURS

COURSE COURSE CODE LECTURER DATE DURATION

SESSION/SEMESTER : SESSION 2010/2011 SEMESTER I PROGRAM CODE : BAA / BAE

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. This paper consists of FOUR (4) questions. Answer ALL question. Answers to a new question should start on new page.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS 1. 2. 3. APPENDIX 1 Formulae Periodic Table Graph Paper DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of EIGHT (8) printed pages including front page

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BAA/BAE/101111BAA3613

QUESTION 1 (a) Physical water quality parameters define those characteristics of water that respond to the senses of sight, touch, taste or smell. Explain three (3) parameters that fall into these categories. (9 marks)

(b)

Discuss membrane filtration method and explain how the results are reported. (4 marks)

(c)

A groundwater from an aquifer is being pumped to serve residents of a nearby town. The pH of the water is 7.6 and the water analysis is presented in Table ic:

Table ic Ion Calcium Ferum Magnesium Sodium Chloride Bicarbonate Concentration (mg/U 150.3 11.19 14.6 100 201.4
450.3

(i) (ii) (iii)

Construct a bar chart of the constituents Determine the hypothetical combination and its value Calculate the carbonate hardness and non-carbonate hardness (12 marks)

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QUESTION 2 (a) Sedimentation is the removal of particular matters through gravity settling. There are three types of sedimentation. By giving an example for each type, describe Type II and Type III sedimentation. (4 marks)

(b)

As part of a proposed new research treatment plant, Dr. Ajirnad is planning to use rapid sand filter after sedimentation. He plans to use 6 filter beds and each filter bed has a surface area of 5.0 in by 10.0 m. The design flow rate of the plant is 30 MLD. (i) If one of the filters is closed for maintenance purposes, what is the filtration rate of each of the other filters in operation? (ii) The treatment capacity of the above water treatment plant is expected to increase by 80% in the year 2020. If the maximum filtration rate of each filter is 8.0 m3/m2 .hour, determine the minimum number of new filters of the same size that need to be constructed. Assume all filters are in operation. (iii) Explain a method used to clean the filters. (9 marks)

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(c)

Flow measurements were recorded to gather data on water consumption. The water usage on the day of maximum consumption is shown in Table 2c:

Table 2c Time, hour Midnight 1 2 3 4

5

Rate, L/s 230 220 190 150 140 130 210 360 510 610 640 710

Time, hour 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Midnight

I

Rate, Us 670 650 640 650 650 680 750 930 850 510 330 290

6
7

8 9 10 11 12

Assume fire flow requirements to be 190 Us for 8 hours

(i)

What is the constant 24-h pumping rate and required storage capacity to equalize demand over the 24-h period?

(ii)

If the pumping is to be done at a constant rate of 12 hours (6 a.m. - 6 p.m.), determine the pumping rate and the storage capacity of the reservoir.

(iii)

Calculate the storage required for fire reserve. (12 marks)

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QUESTION 3 Show the relationship between BUD and organics utilization by microorganism under first order kinetic reaction is given by:

(a)

BODE = Lo (1-e)

where Lo is the ultimate BUD, t is the time, K is a reaction rate constant and e equals 2.718. (4 marks)

(b)

500 mL of water sample is taken from an oxidation pond located in a town. Explain concisely a method to carry out a BUD 5 test at 20C for 90 mL for the sample. (Your answer must include the volume of the dilution water should the dilution factor needed is 30%) (6 marks)

(c)

Time, days BOD, mgIL1 4 6.3 12.5 1 2 4

Table 3c 6 7 9 13 17

13.6

14.3

18.2

20.2

23.8

The BUD data given in Table 3c show results of test on a 24-hour composite effluent from a tertiary plant treating domestic wastewater. Plot a graph to locate the 5-day BOD value. (5 marks)

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(d) A completely mixed activated sludge plant is to treat 10000 m 3 /day of industrial wastewater. The wastewater has a BUD 5 of 1200 mg/L that must be reduced to 200 mg/L prior to discharging to a municipal sewer. Pilot plant analysis indicates that a mean cell-residence time of 5 day maintaining MLSS concentration of 5000 mg/L produces the desired results. The value for Y is calculated to be 0.7 kg/kg and the value of kd is found to be 0.03 d 1 . Determine: (i) (ii) (iii) The volume of the reactor The mass and volume of solids wasted each day The sludge recirculation ratio (10 marks)

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QUESTION 4 With the aid of a diagram, explain the principles involved in cleaning air pollution using a wet scrubber. Give two advantages and two disadvantages of the device. (5 marks)

(a)

(b)

The effectiveness of solid waste management depends on process components starting from solid waste generation. Describe each component with the aid of a flow chart giving appropriate explanation. (10 marks)

(c)

The student population of a secondary school is 800. The school has 30 standard classrooms. Determine the size of storage container required by assuming a 5-day school week with solid waste pickups on Wednesday and Friday before school starts in the morning,. Assume that the waste is generated at a rate of 0.11 kg.capita 4 .day plus 3.6 kg per room and that the density of uncompacted solid waste is 120 kg/m 3 . Standard container size are as follows (mm 3): 1.5, 2.3, 3.0 and 4.6. (10 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

VA

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PPFNDIX 1: Formulae

QX+V(k0 _kX)=(Qo_Qw)Xe+QwXu K+S

00 S

QSV
0 0

_kSX
QWXU+k

k0S K +S
s

vx

k0S =----(S S) K+S

0 5

S) QX =--(S k

vx vx

t= 1Y(S0S)
C

Vx
CQX w

kd

X= tY(S0S)
C

tX
Q0S0

t(1 + kdtC) F QS0 M VX

VL =

(Qo + Q )X = (Qo r

Qw )

Xe

+ (Qr +

Q)x