Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor 20

by: Tripon, Vinculado, Daffon 22

Governance
in Southeast Asia 01.
 02.

Brunei. Brunei. Brunei.

Brunei
demographics
03.
 Number of Percentage of
Religion
followers total population

In Brunei
Religion
Islam 340,033 75.1 %

Christianity 42,561 9.4 %

Buddhism 38,939 8.6 %

Folk or
28,072 6.2 %
traditional religions

Religiously Unaffiliated 1,811 0.4 %

Hinduism 1,358 0.3 %

04.
 Minor groups or tribes
PUAK MELAYU BRUNEI PUAK DUSUN AND BISAYA PUAK TUTONG

PUAK KEDAYAN PUAK MURUT PUAK BELAIT

05.
 Pre-history &
Colonization Period
Early accounts on Brunei history can be traced back in the 6th
Century when they were reportedly doing trade with China. Islam
allegedly arrived in Brunei in the 12th century based on some
relics found. Hindu influence came through allegiance to the
Javanese Majapahit Kingdom between the 13th and 15th century.
During the decline of the Majapahit Kingdom, there was
widespread conversion into Islam which Brunei succumbed into
and eventually became an independent sultanate in the 15th
century. From the 16th to the 19th century, Brunei became a
powerful state ruling over the northern part of Borneo up to the
nearby islands. Brunei started to lose control over the territory
when they lost Sarawak in 1841 and eventually becoming a British
protectorate in 1881 and in 1905, they were dependent on the
British. During World War II, Brunei had fallen under Japanese
regime, along with neighbouring states until 1945 when they were
liberated by Australia.
06.
 07.

Culture
Brunei is particularly renowned for its metalwork. Especially during the peak of the Brunei sultanate’s power (16th and
17th centuries), brass and silver artisans were highly valued for their craftsmanship. They produced gongs, cannons, and
other articles that were often embossed with designs of serpents and other animals. Bruneian metalwork has long been an
important item of trade, both within and beyond the boundaries of the sultanate. Indeed, many of the gongs that constitute
ritual paraphernalia and heirloom property among the remote interior peoples.
Architecture
Tourism Industry & Ancient Infrastructure

Dermaga Diraja
(The Royal Wharf) Lamin Warisan

Bangar Town Malay Technology

Museum

06.
 02.

Cambodia. Cambodia. Cambodia.

Cambodia
demographics
03.
 In Cambodia
Religion
Percentage of
Religion
total population

Theravada Buddhism 96.6%

Islam 1.9%

Christianity 0.4%

Animism 0.8%

04.
 Minor groups or tribes
KHMER LOEU THE CHINESE

CHAM THE VIETNAMESE

05.
 Pre-history &
Colonization Period
It is not known for certain how long people have lived in what is
now Cambodia, where they came from, or what languages they
spoke before writing was introduced (based on a Sanskrit-style
alphabet) about the 3rd century CE. Carbon-14 dating indicates
that people who made and used pottery inhabited Cambodia as
early as 4000 BCE. Those and subsequent findings suggest that
those early people, like Cambodians today, were of slight to
medium build, constructed their houses on wooden piles,
consumed a considerable quantity of fish, and raised pigs and
water buffalo. Moreover, In 1863 French naval officers from
Vietnam persuaded Norodom to sign a treaty that gave France
control of Cambodia’s foreign affairs. The effect of the treaty
was to weaken Siamese protection. A French admiral
participated in Norodom’s coronation, with Siamese
acquiescence, in 1864.

06.
Culture 07.
• Music occupied a dominant place in traditional Cambodian culture. It was sung and played everywhere—by children at
play, by adults at work, by young men and women while courting—and invariably was part of the many celebrations and
festivals that took place throughout the year at Buddhist temples in the countryside.
• Dancing and drama were also important forms of artistic expression. The Royal Ballet in Phnom Penh specialized in the
classical, highly stylized apsara dances as well as dance-dramas recounting the Reamker (Ramayana) epic and other tales.
• Because of the country’s incredible richness in waterways including the Mekong, Sap and Bassac Rivers, as well as the
massive lake, Tonlé Sap, freshwater fish and seafood, such as salmon, squid and prawns, is especially popular, featuring
prominently in soups, curries, stir-fries and salads.
Architecture
Tourism Industry & Ancient Infrastructure

Angkor Wat
The Royal Palace

Prasat Sour Prat Phsar Thmei or New

Central Market

06.
 02.

Timor Leste. Timor Leste. Timor Leste.

Timor Leste
demographics
03.
 In Timor Leste
Religion
Percentage of
Religion
total population

Roman Catholicism 97.6%

Protestant Groups (Assemblies of God, 1.96%

Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian,
Seventh-day Adventist, and Jehovah’s
Witness )

Islam 0.2%

04.
 Minor groups or tribes
TETUM TUKUDEDE KENMARK BUNAK MAKASAE

MAMBAI GALOLI BAIKENO FATALUKU

05.
 Pre-history &
Colonization Period
Timor derives from the Malay word “The East”, East Timor
literally means The East, East. The first person who inhabited
this island came from the North part of Austronesians from
Southeast Asia who live in caves. Sometime around 3000 BC,
Melanesians arrived and then the Malay people from Southern
East Asia followed “chief system” wherein wherever people are,
there has to be a boss for some reason. Timor became a
stopping point for various Asian military and traders who had a
particular fondness of sandalwood, a commodity much desired
for its durable fragrance. This is what attracted the European
colonizers and explorers. the region had been a Portuguese
colony up until 1975 and was under Indonesian sovereignty
from 1976 to 1999. After a popular referendum in 1999, held
under UN auspices, the International Force for East Timor kept
the peace until formal independence was established in 2002.

06.
Culture 07.

• Hospitality is important to the East Timorese If you’re offered food or drink when you meet somebody, it’s important
to at least taste it but always wait for your host to take the first sip or bite. As a result of the long Portuguese period,
shaking hands is expected.
• The tebedai dance is a circle dance performed throughout East Timor and it is accompanied by a drum.
• Apart from rice, other staple food items that are cultivated in East Timor include sweet potatoes, maize, cassava, and
taro.
• The traditional textile of Timor Leste is known as Tais and they are being made in two styles which are called mane and
feto.
Architecture
Tourism Industry & Ancient Infrastructure

Bunak House Hotel The Ramelau

Fataluku House
Maubara & Liquica

06.