St.

MARTIN’S ENGINEERING COLLEGE

UGC Autonomous
NBA & NAAC A+ ACCREDITED
Dhulapally, Secunderabad– 500100

Department of ECE

SMART BLIND STICK

Batch No: D4
1.A.Saitejaswini(19K81A04J3)
2.B.Rakesh(19K81A04J5)
3.B. Ajay Kumar(19K81A04J6)
4.G.Vaishnavi(19K81A04K1)
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Gabbeta Ramesh
Assistant professor
Department of ECE
 OUTLINE

1. Abstract
2. Overall design
3. Experimental Result
4. Performance Evaluation
5. Contribution of the Project
6. Conclusion and Future Enhancement
7. References
8. 100% of the code /project implementation
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 ABSTRACT
• The purpose of this project is to build a blind stick for visually impaired persons with multiple
Sensors like Ultrasonic sensor for detecting range and object, fire sensor which detects the fire,
water sensor is for detect drainage.
• For the alerting purpose we used buzzer voice module and vibration motor for auto sound
detection. These are very useful for blind people. This device automatically senses the presence
of obstacles and water in its path and helps blind people in deviate their direction of movement
through messages using alarm module.
• The obstacle detection mechanism is done by an Obstacle sensor and water sensors to find the
presence of an obstacle in its path. This device is designed in such a way that there is no
requirement of manual attention towards it. It makes use of the Obstacle detection sensors and
water sensor to detect the obstacle and water present in its alert through vibration. Fire present
in its alert through vibration along with Buzzer alarm. The system provides with a voice module
using which messages are announced out.
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OVERALL DESIGN

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 OVERALL DESIGN

1.Regulated power supply

2.INPUT

3.OUTPUT

4.Micro controller

5.Software

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 ARDUINO UNO 

• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P 16MHZ

• 14 digital input/output pins(out of which 6 provide PWM output)
• 6 analog input pins
• Input/output Voltage is 5
• Input voltage (nominal) 7-12V

VOICE MODULE
 APR9600(Apache portable Runtime)  is a low-cost high performance
sound record/replay IC.
 Single chip high quality resolution.
 Direct speaker drives no need of external amplifier
 +5 vdc power supply
Onboard high-quality mic for audio recording.
 08/12/2022 6
 LCD

• Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V.

• 16×2
• Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
• Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR
•  Operating voltage is 5                                                          
•  Ultrasonic ranging module HC-SR04                                  
•  Operating range is 2cm-400 
•   Frequenct:30-500kHz
•                                                     

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WATER SENSOR

• Operating voltage is 3-5vDC

• Operating temperature –10 to 30c
• Made with two stainless steel electrodes
• Range >1feet

FIRE SENSOR

• Operating voltage is 5v
• Range is 760nm to 1100nm
• Detection angle is 0-60 degree

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 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

                     Fig 1: when object has detected

Fig : when water has detected

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 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Fig: when fire has detected

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 RESULTS

Outcomes of the project:

• The Project “Smart blind stick” was designed such a way that a person who is visually impaired
can get a alert on water ,object ,fire in the form of a voice
• This device automatically senses the presence of obstacle ,water, fire in its path and helps the blind
people to deviate their direction of movement through message using voice module.
• This device is designed in such a way that there is no requirement of manual attention towards it.
• Microcontroller reads the data .Depending on the valid input it gives the command.

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 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

• We as a team collectively worked together in order to meet the requirements of the project.
• Each member of the team actively participated to make the project successful.

• We worked according to the plan we had before starting the project.

• The elements which we used in the project where under our estimated budget as planed 

• We examined the current Blind Stick and the problems in it.

• Tried to focus on the problem and worked to overcome the drawbacks in it

• We have observed that the existing system consisting of some drawbacks like it can intimate
the person with the help of a buzzer.

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 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

• In the existing system it will give the command to the  person with the help of buzzer but it will
not give any intimation regarding the obstacle which he is going to face.
• To overcome this problem we have used a voice module to give the alert
• If there is any obstacle it gives a voice command(APR9600) like water(water sensor) has detected
please take the diversion
• Similarly for the fire(fire sensor) and obstacle(Ultrasonic sensor).
• We studied about different type of sensors and executed it practically in the project.

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 CODE..
===== DECLARATION===============
#include <stdio.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <LiquidCystal_I2C.h> 
int lcdColumns = 16;
int lcdRows = 2; 
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,lcd Columns,lcdRows);
const int trigPin = A2;
const int echoPin = A1;
int fire = 8;
int lvl1 = A3;
int voice1 = 10;
int voice2 = 11;
int voice3 = 12;
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 CODE..

====== SETUP==================
void setup() 
{
    pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
    pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input 
    pinMode(lvl1, INPUT);
    pinMode(fire, INPUT);
    pinMode(voice1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(voice2, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(voice3,OUTPUT);
 }   

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 CODE..
====== LOGIC================
void loop() 
{
// distance//
  dist1 = ultra_dist();
  if(dist < 100){
lcd.println(“Object distance”);
 digitalWrite(voice1,HIGH);delay(500);
 }
  else{
lcd.println(“no object distance”);
digitalWrite(voice1,LOW);}

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 CODE..
// fire//
  if(digitalRead(fire) == HIGH)
{
lcd.println(“fire on”);
digitalWrite(voice2,HIGH);delay(500);
  }
  if(digitalRead(fire) == LOW)
{
lcd.println(“fire off”);
digitalWrite(voice2,LOW);}
 }

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 CODE..
//water //
  if(digitalRead(lvl1) == HIGH)
{
lcd.println(“wateer detected”);
      digitalWrite(voice3,HIGH);delay(500);
    }  
   if(digitalRead(lvl1) == LOW)
{
lcd.println(“ no water detected”);

digitalWrite(voice2,LOW);}
  }
}

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 CODE
unsigned int ultra_dist()
{
   digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
   delayMicroseconds(2);
   digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
   delayMicroseconds(10);
}

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 CONTRIBUTION OF THE PROJECT

19K81A04J3 Studied on architectural design and overview of the project.

19K81A04J5 Studied on Arduino UNO  and different sensors.

19K81A04J6 Studied on input and output devices ,hardware components.

19K81A04K1 Studied on different research papers and software part.

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 ADVANTAGES
• Guides blind people.
• Alerts through Voice Commands.
• Efficient low-cost design.
• Low power consumption.
•  no requirement of manual attention towards it.

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 CONCLUSION 
• Hence the smart walking stick, constructed with at most accuracy, will help the blind people to
move from one place to another without others help. This could also be considered a crude way of
giving the blind a sense of vision. This stick reduces the dependency of visually impaired people
on other family members. The Smart Stick acts as a basic platform for the coming  generation  of 
more  aiding  devices  to  help  the  visually impaired to be more safe. It is effective and afford. It
leads to good results in detecting the obstacles lying ahead of the user in a range of four meters,
detecting stairs and water pits and fire.

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 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Hence this project gives a great approach towards blind stick. In future this can be
implemented by adding GPS module to this system when the device or person fall
then automatically location will send to authorized person.

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 REFERENCES
• [1] Duraisamy Sathya & Pugalendhi Ganesh Kumar, ‘Secured Remote Health Monitoring
System, IET Healthcare Technology Letters’, vol. 4, issue. 6, pp. 228-232, 2017.
• [2] A. Dodds, D. Clark-Carter, and C. Howarth, The sonic PathFinder: an evaluation,
Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 206–207, 1984.
• [3] G. Balakrishnan, G. Sainarayanan, R. Nagarajan and S. Yaacob, Wearable RealTime
Stereo Vision for the VisuallyImpaired, Engineering Letters, vol. 14, no. 2, 2007.
• [4] R. L. A. Kuranov and V. Pisarevsky, An empirical analysis of boosting algorithms for
rapid objects with an extended set of Haarlike features, Intel Technical Report MRLTR-July
02-01, 2002.
• [5] R. Lienhart and J. Maydt, An extended set of Haar-like features for rapid object
detection, presented at the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2002
• [6] Y. Freund and R. E. Schapire, Experiments with a new boosting algorithm, in Proc.
13th International Conference on Machi
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QUERIES ??

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THANK YOU

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