ARDUINO - PROJECT MANUAL

Table of Contents

Circuit 1: Blink 1

Circuit 2: Fade 2

Circuit 3: Traffic Light Simulation 3

Circuit 4: Push Button and LED 5

Circuit 5: Photoresistor using SWITCH-CASE 8

Circuit 6: LCD and POT 10

Circuit 7: Array of LEDs - Example 1 13

Circuit 8: Array of LEDs - Example 2 14

Circuit 9: Reed Switch 15

Circuit 10: PIR Sensor 17

 Circuit 1: Blink
In this circuit, we will make an LED turn on and turn off repeatedly, creating the impression of blinking.

Things needed:
1. Arduino Uno
2. 1 - 220Ω resistor
3. 1 LED
4. Breadboard
5. Jumper wires

Schematic:

Code:

1
 2: Fade

In this project, we will understand how digital values can be converted to analog values by making the LED
fade in / fade out using stepwise brightness values.

Things needed:
1. Arduino Uno
2. 1 - 220Ω resistor
3. 1 LED
4. Breadboard
5. Jumper wires

Schematic:

Code:

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 3: Traffic Light Simulation

This project creates a simulation of how traffic lights work at signals.

Things needed:
1. Arduino Uno
2. 3 - 220Ω resistor
3. 3 LEDs - Red, Green, Yellow
4. Breadboard
5. Jumper wires

Schematic:

3
Code:

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 4: Push Button and LED

A push button is a tactile switch that closes the circuit when momentarily pressed. This project shows how
Arduino can be used to read whether the button is pressed and an output action can be taken. In this
project, an LED lights up when push button is pushed.

Things needed:
1. Arduino Uno
2. 1 - Push button
3. 1 - 10KΩ resistor
4. 1 - 220Ω resistor
5. 1 LED
6. Breadboard
7. Jumper wires

Schematic:

5
Code:

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 5: Photoresistor using SWITCH-CASE

A photoresistor measures the amount of light present in the immediate environment. It generally measures
values from 0 to 600. These values have been mapped to an equivalent range of 0 to 3 using the map
function. In this project, SWITCH CASE structure is used in finding the range of light falling on the resistor.

Things needed:
1. Arduino Uno
2. 1 - Photoresistor
3. 1 - 10KΩ resistor
4. Breadboard
5. Jumper wires

Schematic:

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Code:

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 6: LCD and POT

Read this link to learn about LCD. In this project, we will display “Hello World” and current time. We can
modify the code to just have a running message displayed at specific coordinates of the LCD.

LCD Connections to Arduino (Look at the schematic provided for better clarity):

Things needed:
1. Arduino Uno
2. 1 - Potentiometer (or POT)
3. 1 - LCD
4. 220Ω Resistor
5. Breadboard
6. Jumper wires

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Schematic:

Code:

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Modified code to display some message on LCD:

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 7: Array of LEDs - Example 1

In this project, we will initialize multiple pins as part of an array and program the array behaviour.

Things needed:
1. Arduino Uno
2. 4 to 5 LEDs of different colours
3. 4 to 5 220Ω Resistor
4. Breadboard
5. Jumper wires

Schematic:

Code:

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 8: Array of LEDs - Example 2

Schematic:

Code:

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 9: Reed Switch

Reed switch is a switch that is normally open (like Push button) and closes when a magnet is placed near it.
A simple demonstration of how reed switch works and how to show an LED output when circuit is closed
can be found here: https://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Reed-Switch/

In this project, we will read if a reed switch is open or closed (just like the Push Button circuit) and turn on a
red LED if it is open and a green LED if the circuit is closed.

Things needed:
1. Magnetic reed switch
2. Arduino Uno
3. Green LED
4. Red LED
5. 2 - 220Ω resistor
6. 1 - 10KΩ resistor
7. Breadboard
8. Jumper wires

Schematic:

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Code:

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 10: PIR Sensor

A PIR sensor detects the motion of an object within a range. If the object is stationary in this range, it does
not trigger a signal.

In general, schematic of a PIR is as given below:

In Tinkercad, a PIR has the terminals arranged as: Vout, Power and Gnd. So, if you are building the circuit
in Tinkercad, please check the terminals.

Things needed:
1. Arduino Uno
2. PIR Sensor
3. Piezo Buzzer
4. 220 Resistor
5. LED
6. Breadboard
7. Jumper wires

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Schematic:

Code:

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References:
1. https://www.instructables.com/id/Interfacing-20x4-LCD-with-Arduino/
2. https://www.tinkercad.com/
3. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage
4. https://randomnerdtutorials.com/projects-arduino/
5. https://www.sparkfun.com/tutorials

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