MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLGY

PROJECT PRESENTATION
ON
Design of Smart Sensor for Electrical Measurement
Laboratory of MMMUT, Gorakhpur
SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

Electrical Engineering Department

CONTENT
 Objective

 Introduction

 Components Required

 Arduino Module

 Relay Module

 Sensors

 Circuit Diagram

 Working

 Conclusion

 Reference
 OBJECTIVE

To Design Smart Sensor for Electrical Measurement

Laboratory of MMMUT, Gorakhpur
 INTRODUCTION
 Wastage of electricity is one of the main problems which we are
facing nowadays. In our homes, schools, colleges, or industry we
see that fans/lights are kept on even if there is nobody in the
room or area/passage. This happens due to negligence or
because we forgot to turn the lights off or when we are in a
hurry. To avoid all such situations we have designed “Automatic
room light controller with visitor counter”.

 This Project presents a possible solution where the appliances

automatically turned off when no one is in the room and the
lights get turn on whenever anyone enters the room.
Components and Modules Required
1. Hardware 2. Software

Arduino UNO
Arduino IDE
Relay Module
16 x 2 LCD Display Module
IR Sensor Module
LDR Sensor
9v Power Supply
Breadboard

Resistors and Wires

 Arduino UNO
• Arduino is a micro-controller

• It can be programmed to control the way buttons, motors,

switches, lights, and other electronic parts work together.

• Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the

ATmega328P

• Arduino UNO is a Single Micro-controller board.

• The name of this Micro Controller is ATmega328p which is a

product of Atmel.

• 32 - represents it’s flash memory capacity that is 32KB.

• 8 - represents it’s CPU type that is of 8 bit.

• p - simply denotes that it needs less power to work than it

earlier version.
Features and Specification of Arduino UNO

• It has an operating voltage of 5V while the input voltage may vary from 7V to 12V.
• Arduino UNO has a maximum current rating of 40mA
• The software used for writing, compiling & uploading code to Arduino boards is
called Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
• Arduino UNO comes with 3 types of memories associated with it, named:
• Flash Memory: 32KB
• SRAM: 2KB
• EEPROM: 1KB
• Arduino Uno Pinout consists of 14 digital pins starting
from D0 to D13.
• It also has 6 analog pins starting from A0 to A5
• It also has 1 Reset Pin, which is used to reset the board
programmatically.
• It also has 6 Power Pins, which provide different voltage
levels.
• Out of 14 digital pins, 6 pins are used for generating
PWM pulses of 8-Bit resolution
Relay Module
• Relay is one kind of electro-mechanical component
that functions as a switch
• The relay coil is energized by DC so that contact
switches can be opened or closed
• The features of the 5V relay are:
• Normal Voltage is 5V DC
• Normal Current is 70mA
• AC load current Max is 10A at 250VAC or 125V AC
• DC load current Max is 10A at 30V DC or 28V DC
• It includes 5-pins
• Operating time is 10msec
• Release time is 5msec
• Maximum switching is 300 operating per minute
 Sensors

 IR Sensor Module  LDR ( Light Dependent Resistor) Sensor

 IR Sensor
 IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits the light in order to sense some object of the
surroundings.
 An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion
 The emitter is an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is an IR photodiode.
 Photodiode is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength which is emitted by the IR LED.
 When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the output voltages will change in
proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.
Light Dependent Resistor
 LDR is a special type of resistor that works on the
photoconductivity principle means that resistance
changes according to the intensity of light.
 Its resistance decreases with an increase in the
intensity of light.
 The LDRs made with photosensitive semiconductor
materials like Cadmium Sulphides (CdS), lead
sulfide
 Whenever the light falls on its photoconductive
material, it absorbs its energy and the electrons of
that photoconductive material that is in the valence
band get excited and go to the conduction band and
thus increasing the conductivity as per the increased
in light intensity.
Circuit and Block Diagram
Working
• When a visitor enters the room the sensor-1 detects the visitor (obstacle) and produces a Low (0)
output value from its Output Pin. Then the Arduino read this output value from the sensor-1 and
counts 1+ using the code. Similarly, When this sensor-1 detects another visitor, the Arduino
increment the counting by +1. In this way every time the Arduino adds +1 in the count when the
sensor-1 detects visitors and calculates the total number of visitors entering the room.
• In the same way, when a visitor leaves the room, the IR sensor-2 detects the visitor (obstacle) and
produces a Low (0) output value from the Output Pin. Then the Arduino read this value and counts
1+ using the code. Similarly, every time the Arduino adds +1 in the count when a visitor leaves the
room and calculates the total number of exiting visitors.
• Every time the Arduino Subtracts the total number of entering visitors from the total number of
exiting visitors and calculates the total number of visitors currently present inside the room.
• When the Arduino detects the presence of 1 or more than 1 visitors inside the room. Then it
grounded (LOW/0V) the input pins (IN1) Relay Module to active the Relays and turns ON the
Light automatically.
• When the Arduino detects No visitor present inside the room. Then it sends a High (5V) voltage to
the input pins (IN1) Relay Module to deactivate the Relays and turns OFF the Light automatically.
• The OLED display shows the total number of entering visitors, the total number of exiting visitors,
and the total number of visitors currently present inside the place. And also shows the Light status
(ON/OFF).
Conclusion

In conclusion, this project is a solution to the problem of electricity wastage in homes,

schools, colleges, and industries. By using two IR sensors and an Arduino, the system
detects when visitors enter and leave a room, keeping track of the number of visitors
present and automatically turning on or off the light and fan based on this count. The OLED
display provides a visual representation of the number of entering and exiting visitors and
the status of the light and fan, making it a convenient and effective solution for controlling
electricity usage. With this project, we can make a positive impact on the environment by
reducing electricity waste and promoting energy efficiency.
Reference
Thank You