COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

Do-It-Yourself ARDUINO Uno

In partial fulfillment for the Course

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
in the Subject

CPE 321 Microprocessor

Submitted by:

Erika A. Labaguis
BSCpE - III

Submitted to:

Engr. Arnold F. Reano

Instructor I
 COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
I. OVERVIEW
The Arduino board is invented for the electronics students to use this in their projects.
The Arduino boards are provided as open source that helps the user to build their projects and
instruments according to their need. This electronic platform contains microcontrollers,
connections, LEDs and many more. There are various types of Arduino boards present in the
market that includes Arduino UNO, Red Board, LilyPad Arduino, Arduino Mega, Arduino
Leonardo. All these Arduino boards are different in specifications, features and uses and are
used in different type of electronics project.
Because of its simple and accessible user experience, Arduino has been used in
thousands of different projects and applications. The Arduino software is easy-to-use for
beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users. It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux.
Teachers and students use it to build low cost scientific instruments, to prove chemistry and
physics principles, or to get started with programming and robotics. Designers and architects
build interactive prototypes, musicians and artists use it for installations and to experiment with
new musical instruments. Makers, of course, use it to build many of the projects exhibited at the
Maker Faire, for example. Arduino is a key tool to learn new things. Anyone - children, hobbyists,
artists, programmers - can start tinkering just following the step by step instructions of a kit, or
sharing ideas online with other members of the Arduino community.
 COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
II. MATERIALS
This section describes the components and their usage in the DIY Arduino Uno board.
Components Definition
Matrix Board (7x9cm) – is a prototype circuit board to which all of the
components will be attached.

10uf Electrolytic Capacitors (25v) – are filtering devices used in DC

power supply to reduce the voltage ripple.

7805 Voltage Regulator (5v) – maintains the voltage of a power

source within 5v output voltage

LM1117T Voltage Regulator (3.3v) – can regulate the voltage for

about 3.3v output voltage. Even when the input voltage is closer to the
output voltage the circuit board

Red LED (5mm) – is used as an indicator for power.

Yellow LED (5mm) – is used as an indicator for the microcontroller
Green LED (5mm) – is used as an indicator for transmitter (TX) and
receiver (RX).

220Ω Resistors (1/4w) – is used to limit the flow of electric current in

the LEDs.

10kΩ Resistor (1/4w) – is used to limit the flow of electric current of

the microcontroller.

0.1uf Capacitor (ceramic disk) – is used to decouple (separate) the

IC from power supplies.

22pf Capacitor (ceramic disk) – is used with crystal oscillator for

loading purposes.
 COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Crystal Oscillator (16MHz) – create an electric signal with a constant
frequency.

Tactile Button – is used to reset or restart the running program from

the beginning.

Female Headers (two rows of eight, row of six and ten) – serve as
a bridge to transmit electrical current or signal between the
microcontroller in the circuit.

Male Headers (row of six) – are used to program the microcontroller

without using the bootloader.

DC Barrel Jack – is a connector used for power to make the circuit

board function.

Dip IC Socket (28 pins) – is a connector used to connect the

microcontroller in the circuit board.

Atmega328 with Bootloader – is the most important and necessary

component to build an Arduino Uno that enables the user to program
a certain circuit board function.

Solid Wire (#22) – is used as a connector from one component to

another components.
 COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
III. PROCEDURES
This section shows the step by step procedure on how to create a DIY Arduino Uno.

Step 1: Make a schematic diagram by altering the original schematic of the Arduino Uno.
Step 2: Purchase and gather the components required.
Step 3: Make a PCB layout where all of the components are already in order.
Step 4: Solder the components on the PCB.
Step 5: Connect the components using solid wires. Use the altered schematic diagram as a
guide.
Step 6: First, connect the components for the power indicator. Try it out by connecting a power
source through the barrel jack. If the red LED glows, the connections all the way to the power
indicator is correct.
Step 7: Plug out the power supply then connect the rest of the components.
Step 8: Burn the ATmega328 with Bootloader then connect it on the circuit board using the Dip
IC socket.
Step 9: Again, plug in a power source to test the circuit board.
Step 10: The DIY Arduino Uno board is now operational.

IV. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

This figure illustrates the altered schematic diagram based on the original schematic
of Arduino Uno. Through it, putting all of the components on the actual PCB will be easier. It
shows that every components is required and have their own contribution for the circuit board to
function. It can be used as a guide to build a DIY Arduino Uno because it is so comprehensive
that you won’t have any trouble following it. As you can see, like the original, not every male and
female pin headers has connections. To make it look like the real one, I make it exactly that way.
I arrange the components on the PCB based on the real one so that the aforementioned project
can be used without the user having to look at the connections between the components
underneath.
 COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
V. CONCLUSION
This section shows the process, result, recommendation and conclusion of the
aforementioned project.

During the process, the designer encountered a problem on how to make the red LED
power indicator glow more of what it releases. The designer checked the connections for lapses
but it turns out they are soldered flawlessly. After a few analysis, it became clear that the
resistor’s ohms were too high to make the red LED indicator glow more brightly. The designer
used resistors higher than 220Ω by mistake. All of the resistor for LEDs is then replaced by
220Ω resistor. The IC socket pins were connected to the male and female headers using blue
and green wires, while the VCCs and GNDs of the components were connected using red and
black wires, respectively. Each components needs to be soldered cautiously. Wires should not
be collided with any unnecessary components to avoid issues that could prevent the entire board
from functioning. Eventually, the DIY Arduino Uno is deemed functional after testing it with a
microcontroller that has been programmed. The designer recommends to maximize the spaces
in order to solder the components and connections on the matrix board with ease. The designer
also recommends a lower but not too low ohm resistor in place of the 220Ω resistor to make
LEDs release a much brighter light. A thorough research regarding the required ohms for various
LED color combinations as well as other relevant issues regarding on creating an Arduino Uno
must be conducted to improve the aforementioned project.

VI. REFERENCES

“Types of Arduino” by Pooja Gupta

https://www.educba.com/types-of-arduino/
Retrieve on June 27, 2022

“Why Arduino?”
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction
Retrieve on June 25, 2022