Therapeutic Diets

Nadia Jawad
Superior University
Diet Therapy
• Diet therapy is concerned with recovery from illness
and prevention of disease
• A therapeutic diet
• is a meal plan that controls the intake of certain foods
or nutrients.
• It is part of the treatment of a medical condition and
are normally prescribed by a physician and planned by
a dietician.
• A therapeutic diet is usually a modification of a regular
diet.
Cont….
• May change nutrients, caloric content and/or texture
• • May seem strange and even unpleasant to the
patient
• Patient’s appetite may be affected by anorexia or loss
of appetite, weakness, illness, loneliness, self-pity and
other factors
• • Use patience and tact to convince patient to eat food
• • Understand purpose of diet and provide simple
explanations to patient
Purpose
• Regulate amount of food Assist body organs to
maintain normal function
• Aid in digestion
• To improve specific health conditions
• Increase or decrease body weight
• Modify the intervals of feedings.
Significance
• Useful in managing disease
• promote greater resistance to specific
conditions.
• prevention or supplemental treatment
Indication

• kidney failure lower serum cholesterol,

• control elevated blood sugar levels
• treat celiac disease a disease where the small
intestine can't absorb nutrients For example,
gluten-free diets,
Principles of diet therapy
• The principles of diet therapy are to:
• maintain good nutritional status, correct
deficiencies or disease, if any,
• provide rest to the body,
• help metabolize the nutrients, and
• make changes in body weight, when
necessary. Diet therapy may include prescribing
specialized dietary regimes or meal plans.
 Types of Therapeutic Diets
• Regular diet
• Liquid diet
• Soft diet
• Diabetic diet
• Calorie controlled diet
• Low cholesterol diet
• Fat restricted (low-fat) diet
• Sodium restricted diet
• Protein diet
• Bland diet
• Low residue diet
Regular Diet
• Balanced diet usually used for ambulatory
patients
• At times is has a slightly reduced caloric
content Foods such as rich desserts, cream
sauces, salad dressings and fried foods may be
decreased or omitted
Liquid Diet
• Nutritionally inadequate and should only be
used for short periods of time Uses:
• After surgery or a heart attack Pts with acute
infections or digestive problems
• To replace fluids lost by vomiting or diarrhea
• Before some X rays of digestive tract liquid
diet
 Clear liquid diet

• Water, apple or grape juice, fat-free broths,

plain gelatin, popsicles, ginger ale, tea, coffee
• Full liquid diet
• clear liquid diet plus strained soups and
cereals, fruit and vegetable juices, yogurt, hot
cocoa, custard, ice cream, pudding, sherbet,
and eggnog
Soft Diet

• Similar to regular diet but foods must require

little chewing and be easy to digest Avoid
meat and shellfish with tough connective
tissue, coarse cereals, spicy foods, rich
desserts, fried foods, raw fruits and veggies,
nuts, and coconuts
Low Residue Diet

• Used for pts with digestive and rectal diseases

such as colitis or diarrhea Eliminates or limits
foods high in bulk or fiber such as raw fruits
and veggies, whole grains and cereals, nuts,
seeds, beans and peas, coconut,
Diet In Diabates Millitus

• Diet contains exchange lists

• Goods are grouped according to type,
nutrients, and calories
• Pts are allowed a certain number of items
from each exchange list according to
individual needs
Cont….
• Foods not allowed:
• Glucose, sugar, honey, all sweets, chocolates and candies
• Foods to be avoided or restricted:
• Potatoes, jam, arvi, sweet potatoes, mangoes, grapes,
bananas, alcoholic beverages, fried fruits, parathas, puri,
pakoras, dal moth, mathies, deep fried vegetables, dry fruits,
saturated oils
• Foods to be used freely:
• Green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, cucumbers, lemon, clear
soups, black coffee and tea without sugar, butter milk, sour
chatani, pickles without oil
Calorie Controlled diet
• Low-Calorie Diet
• Used for pts who are overweight Avoid or limit
high calories foods such as: Butter, cream,
whole milk, cream soups or gravies, sweet soft
drinks, alcoholic beverages, salad dressings,
fatty meats, candy and rich desserts
 High-Calorie Diet

• Used for pts who are underweight, or who have

anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, or cancer
• Extra proteins and carbs are included
• Include high-bulk foods such as green salads,
watermelon and fibrous fruits
• Avoid high-fat foods such as fried foods, rich
pastries, and cheese cake because they digest
slowly and spoil appetite
NUTRITION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
• Dietary management:
• Objectives
• Restricts foods containing cholesterol Used for
pts with atherosclerosis and heart disease
• To relieve strain to the heart
• To prevent further damage to the heart
• To restore the damage heart
 Cont….
• Food recommended:
• Skim milk, paneer from skim milk Cereals and pulses Whole
grain
• All vegetables and all fruits High fiber and soluble fiber like
oat meal, pectin and gums lean meat, egg white and fish
Vegetable oils, sugar and jaggery
• Food to be avoided:
• Cholesterol rich food Whole cream, butter, cream, cheese
Indian sweet meal like pudings, bakery products Organ meat
Egg yolk, fish Nuts, oil seeds, pickles Fried food Alcohol
Fat Restricted or Low-Fat Diet

• Used for pts with gallbladder and liver disease,

obesity, and certain heart diseases
• Avoid cream, whole milk, cheese, fats, fatty
meats, rich desserts, chocolate, fried foods,
salad dressings, nuts, and coconut
 Sodium Restricted Diet

• Used for pts with cardiovascular diseases such

as hypertension or congestive heart disease,
kidney disease, and edema Avoid or limit
addition of salt to any food, smoked meats or
fish, processed foods, pickles, sauerkraut,
olives, and processed cheeses
High Protein Diet
• Used for children and adolescents who need
additional growth, pregnant or lactating women,
before and/or after surgery, pts suffering from burns,
fevers, or infections Regular diet with added protein
rich foods such as meats, fish, milk, cheese, and eggs
• Low Protein Diet
• Used for pts with certain kidney diseases and for
certain allergic conditions Regular diet with limited
or decreased protein rich foods Low Protein Diet
 Bland Diet
• Consists of easily digested foods that do not
irritate the digestive tract Used for pts with
ulcers and other digestive diseases Avoid
coarse foods, fried foods, highly seasoned
foods, pastries, raw fruits and veggies, alcohol,
carbonated beverages, nuts, coffee, tea,
smoked and salted meats and fish.
DIET IN FEVER
• The nutritional requirements will depend on the nature,
severity and duration of the fever.
• During this phase, calories requirement is increase.
• Frequent feeding must be given to the client and fats
must be restricted.
• Fluid intake must be from 3000-5000 ml in the form of
glucose, fruits juices.
• A readily digestible foods must be given.
• When fever goes down, bread with milk, milk puddings
or rice dal must be given
Cont…
• DIET MENU DURING HIGH GRADE FEVER
• It must be given 2 hourly and contents must
include milk, barley water, glucose at regular
intervals  To rebuild body tissues extra
proteins must be given  Examples milk, egg,
curd etc  Fried foods and diet containing
fibers should be avoided 
Therapeutic diet for malnutrition

• High energy and high protein

• Energy and nutrient dense foods
• Pick foods from the menu which can be
fortified Use of supplements
• Recipe modification
• Examine what a person like to eat and
encourage those types of foods
Dietary Guidelines

• Also eat a variety of food.

• Maintain ideal weight.
• Avoid excess fat (total and Unsaturated) and
cholesterol.
• Eat foods with adequate dietary fiber.
• Avoid excess sugar. Avoid excess salt.